[
  ["droughts","wildfires","Parched land and vegetation burn more easily."],
  ["droughts","scarcity","Rivers, wells and reservoirs fall."],
  ["droughts","harvests","Crops fail without water."],
  ["droughts","livestock","Less water and fodder for animals."],
  ["drysoil","harvests","Moisture vanishes just when crops need it most."],
  ["forest","wildfires","Stressed and dying trees become fuel."],
  ["forest","biodiversity","Habitats disappear with the trees."],
  ["wildfires","smog","Smoke travels hundreds of kilometres from the fire."],
  [
    "wildfires",
    "glacier",
    "Soot settling on snow and ice darkens it, so it absorbs more sunlight and melts faster."
  ],
  ["glacier","scarcity","Rivers fed by snow and ice run lower in the dry season."],
  ["glacier","hydro","Less meltwater reaches the dams."],
  ["marine","fisheries","Fish move away from warming water, and dying reefs support fewer of them."],
  ["biodiversity","harvests","Fewer pollinators and natural pest-eaters mean lower yields."],
  ["droughts","wildlife","Animals leave parched forests in search of water and food."],
  ["forest","wildlife","Dying forests offer less food and shelter, pushing animals out."],
  ["wildlife","harvests","Elephants, wild boar and other animals raid crops."],
  [
    "wildlife",
    "infectious",
    "Closer contact between people, livestock and wild animals raises the risk of diseases crossing over."
  ],
  ["wildlife","injuries","Encounters injure and kill people and animals."],
  [
    "drysoil",
    "heat",
    "Dry soil can’t cool itself by evaporation, so more of the sun’s energy becomes heat.",
    "loop"
  ],
  ["glacier","heat","Melting snow and ice expose darker ground and water, which absorb more sunlight.","loop"],
  ["wildfires","heat","Fires release carbon and strip away tree cover that shades and cools the land.","loop"],
  ["harvests","prices","Smaller harvests push up prices."],
  ["harvests","farmdebt","A failed season leaves farmers borrowing to eat and to replant."],
  [
    "farmdebt",
    "harvests",
    "Indebted farmers cut back on seed, water and fertiliser, so the next harvest fails more easily.",
    "loop"
  ],
  ["farmdebt","migration","When debts can’t be repaid, families leave the land to look for work."],
  ["farmdebt","repayments","Failed harvests leave farm loans unpaid."],
  ["livestock","hunger","Less milk, eggs and meat for families who rely on them."],
  ["farmwork","harvests","Fields go untended in the hottest hours."],
  ["farmwork","lost","Farm labourers lose daily wages."],
  ["pests","harvests","More pests and plant diseases mean more crops lost."],
  ["fisheries","hunger","Coastal families lose a vital source of protein and income."],
  ["spoilage","prices","Losses after harvest push up prices."],
  ["prices","hunger","The poorest spend most of their income on food."],
  ["prices","informal","Higher prices make it even harder to stop working."],
  ["hunger","learning","Hungry children struggle to learn."],
  ["hunger","newborns","Underfed babies and children have less reserve to survive heat and illness."],
  ["scarcity","fetching","Taps run dry, so someone has to fetch water."],
  ["scarcity","sanitation","Without water, sanitation and hygiene fail."],
  ["scarcity","competition","Farms, cities and power plants compete for what is left."],
  ["scarcity","irrigation","Dry fields need more irrigation."],
  ["irrigation","groundwater","Farmers pump harder and deeper to keep crops alive."],
  ["groundwater","scarcity","Aquifers fall and wells run dry.","loop"],
  ["scarcity","thermal","Power plants need cool water. When rivers run low or warm, they cut output."],
  ["quality","infectious","Contaminated water spreads disease."],
  ["sanitation","infectious","Poor hygiene spreads diarrhoea and other infections."],
  ["sanitation","newborns","Diarrhoea from unsafe water is most dangerous for the youngest children."],
  ["fetching","care","Fetching water falls mostly on women and girls."],
  ["fetching","dropout","Girls miss school to fetch water."],
  ["fetching","gbv","Longer trips for water, often alone, expose women and girls to harassment and assault."],
  ["competition","conflict","Scarce water becomes a source of conflict."],
  ["demand","power","Peak demand pushes grids to the limit."],
  ["demand","emissions","Most cooling still runs on fossil-fuelled power."],
  ["emissions","heat","Emissions add to the warming that drives demand for cooling.","loop"],
  ["demand","uhi","Air conditioners pump heat outdoors, warming the streets around them.","loop"],
  ["demand","energypoverty","Higher bills push poor households into energy poverty."],
  ["power","generators","Outages drive those who can afford it to diesel."],
  ["generators","emissions","Diesel adds still more emissions."],
  ["generators","smog","Generators fill streets with fumes."],
  ["power","coldchain","Without power, fridges for food and vaccines fail."],
  ["power","hsys","Hospitals and clinics lose cooling and equipment when the power fails."],
  ["power","scarcity","Without power, pumps and treatment plants stop.","loop"],
  ["thermal","power","Plants cut output just when demand peaks.","loop"],
  ["hydro","power","Low reservoirs mean less electricity."],
  ["power","telecom","Phone masts and networks fail when the power does."],
  ["power","business","Shops and workshops lose power and stock."],
  ["energypoverty","heatstroke","With no way to cool down at home, heat builds up in the body.","loop"],
  ["coldchain","spoilage","Food rots without refrigeration."],
  ["coldchain","infectious","Spoiled vaccines leave people unprotected."],
  ["uhi","demand","A hotter city needs even more cooling.","loop"],
  ["uhi","sleepless","Cities hold their heat overnight."],
  ["homes","heatstroke","With no cool place to recover, heat builds up day after day."],
  ["homes","inequality","Hot homes cost sleep, health and earnings, so the gap widens.","loop"],
  ["droughts","treeloss","Trees with no water or root space die in long dry spells."],
  ["scarcity","treeloss","When water runs short, watering trees and parks is cut first."],
  ["treeloss","uhi","Fewer trees means less shade and less evaporative cooling, so streets heat up.","loop"],
  [
    "uhi",
    "treeloss",
    "Hotter streets stress trees further; many city species are already past their heat limits.",
    "loop"
  ],
  [
    "inequality",
    "greengap",
    "Better-off districts can pay for trees and parks, and for the upkeep that keeps them alive.",
    "loop"
  ],
  ["greengap","uhi","Neighbourhoods with little green run hotter."],
  [
    "greengap",
    "greengent",
    "When greening finally reaches the least green, cheapest districts as a property upgrade, without protection for tenants, rents rise.",
    "loop"
  ],
  ["greengent","homes","People pushed out often land in hotter, more crowded housing.","loop"],
  ["homes","sleepless","Rooms stay hot all night."],
  ["infrastructure","transport","Buckled rails and softened roads slow everything down."],
  ["infrastructure","budgets","Repairs drain public budgets."],
  ["transport","supply","Goods stop moving."],
  ["smog","respiratory","Ozone and smoke inflame the lungs."],
  ["publicspace","business","Street trade and markets empty out."],
  ["publicspace","isolation","People stay indoors and alone."],
  ["publicspace","customers","When streets are too hot to walk, shoppers stay away."],
  ["telecom","emergency","Warnings and calls for help don’t get through."],
  ["telecom","remote","Without a phone signal, heat warnings may not reach the last village."],
  ["heatstroke","deaths","Heatstroke kills if it is not treated quickly."],
  ["kidney","deaths","Many heat deaths are heart and kidney failures."],
  ["respiratory","deaths","Breathing problems turn fatal in the heat."],
  ["pregnancy","hsys","Complications add to the load on maternity care."],
  ["pregnancy","newborns","Babies born early or small are more fragile in the heat."],
  ["newborns","care","Sick babies and children need someone at home to look after them, usually their mother."],
  ["sleepless","mental","Poor sleep wears down mood and the ability to cope."],
  ["mental","sleepless","Stress and anxiety make sleep even harder.","loop"],
  ["sleepless","heatstroke","Without cool nights, the body starts each day already overheated."],
  ["mental","violence","Frayed tempers spill over into violence."],
  ["infectious","hsys","Outbreaks add to the caseload."],
  ["injuries","hsys","More casualties to treat."],
  ["injuries","lost","Injured workers lose income."],
  ["heatstroke","hsys","Heat illness brings sudden surges of patients.","loop"],
  ["hsys","heatstroke","Overstretched services treat people later, and heat illness turns severe fast.","loop"],
  ["heatstroke","lost","Illness means days off work, and for daily earners no work means no pay.","loop"],
  ["heatstroke","debt","Treatment and lost days are paid for out of pocket.","loop"],
  ["deaths","underreport","Most heat deaths are recorded as heart, kidney or lung failure.","loop"],
  ["deaths","inequality","Families lose breadwinners and carers."],
  ["productivity","lost","Slower work means lower output and pay."],
  ["productivity","budgets","Lower output means lower tax revenue."],
  [
    "informal",
    "heatstroke",
    "Working through the hottest hours without shade, water or rest raises the risk of heat illness.",
    "loop"
  ],
  ["informal","injuries","Fatigue and heat cause accidents."],
  ["informal","care","When workers fall ill, someone has to care for them, usually women."],
  [
    "lost",
    "informal",
    "Lost income leaves even less margin, so the next heatwave has to be worked through too.",
    "loop"
  ],
  ["lost","inequality","Lost earnings hurt most where there are no savings to fall back on."],
  ["lost","hunger","Less income means less food."],
  ["lost","gbv","Lost income and stress at home raise the risk of violence against women."],
  ["debt","informal","Debt repayments remove any option to stop work in the heat.","loop"],
  ["debt","energypoverty","Debt leaves nothing for electricity or cooling.","loop"],
  ["business","lost","Closed businesses mean lost jobs."],
  ["customers","business","Fewer customers mean lost sales and spoiled stock."],
  [
    "business",
    "inequality",
    "Small firms lose the most in hot years while the largest firms gain, so heat widens the gap between them."
  ],
  ["business","repayments","Lost sales leave small firms short of cash to repay their loans.","loop"],
  ["lost","repayments","Lost wages make household and microfinance repayments harder."],
  ["supply","prices","Delays and losses push up prices."],
  ["tourism","lost","Fewer visitors, fewer jobs."],
  ["schoolclose","learning","Lost school days mean lost learning."],
  ["schoolclose","care","Children at home need someone to look after them."],
  ["schoolclose","hunger","Children who rely on school meals go without them when schools shut."],
  ["learning","youth","Lost learning becomes lower earnings later."],
  ["dropout","youth","Leaving school early limits a whole life’s options."],
  ["youth","inequality","Gaps in learning become gaps in income."],
  ["inequality","dropout","Poorer households pull children out of school to work, care or fetch water.","loop"],
  ["inequality","migration","When the gap becomes unbearable, people move."],
  [
    "migration",
    "homes",
    "People forced to move often end up in crowded, poorly built housing that traps heat.",
    "loop"
  ],
  ["care","inequality","Unpaid care pulls women and girls out of paid work and school."],
  ["isolation","deaths","Older people alone at home are among the most likely to die."],
  ["violence","cohesion","Violence erodes trust."],
  ["conflict","migration","Conflict forces people from their homes."],
  ["migration","gbv","Displaced women and girls face higher risks of violence and exploitation."],
  ["gbv","mental","Violence leaves lasting harm to mental health."],
  ["gbv","inequality","Violence keeps women out of work, decisions and public life."],
  ["gatherings","deaths","Crowds in the open sun turn deadly."],
  ["gatherings","emergency","Mass casualties overwhelm responders."],
  ["cohesion","isolation","Weaker community ties leave more people alone."],
  ["emergency","deaths","When responders are stretched, help arrives too late."],
  ["emergency","budgets","Reacting after the fact costs far more than preparing.","loop"],
  ["budgets","underfund","Stretched budgets leave little for heat protection."],
  ["underreport","underfund","What isn’t counted isn’t funded."],
  ["underfund","deaths","Without warnings, cooling centres and outreach, more people die.","loop"],
  ["underfund","emergency","Without prevention, emergencies multiply."],
  ["underfund","hsys","Clinics aren’t prepared for heat."],
  ["underfund","insurance","Unmanaged risk drives insurers away.","loop"],
  ["insurance","budgets","When insurers retreat, governments carry the losses."],
  ["insurance","business","Uninsured losses close small businesses."],
  ["remote","deaths","When help is hours away, treatable heat illness turns fatal."],
  ["remote","underreport","Deaths far from clinics are rarely recorded as heat deaths."],
  ["credit","budgets","Higher borrowing costs leave less to spend."],
  [
    "repayments",
    "credit",
    "Lenders respond to missed repayments by charging more, asking for more collateral and lending less.",
    "loop"
  ],
  [
    "credit",
    "business",
    "Dearer, scarcer credit leaves small firms unable to restock, cool their premises or ride out the next heatwave.",
    "loop"
  ],
  ["elections","cohesion","Disruption to public services can test public trust."],
  ["glacier","glof","Meltwater pools behind unstable moraines."],
  ["glof","infrastructure","A burst lake sweeps away bridges and highways."],
  ["glof","hydro","Floods breach dams and wreck power stations downstream."],
  ["glof","deaths","Floodwater arrives with little warning."],
  ["scarcity","tankers","When taps run dry, people buy water by the tanker."],
  ["tankers","inequality","The poorest pay the most for each litre, or go without."],
  ["tankers","sanitation","Costly water means less for washing and toilets."],
  ["migration","abroad","Some leave the country to work in hotter places."],
  ["abroad","deaths","Heat strain kills workers far from home."],
  ["abroad","lost","When a worker falls ill or dies, the money home stops."],
  ["conflict","camps","Conflict drives people into crowded camps."],
  ["camps","homes","Tarpaulin shelters trap heat, with no way to cool."],
  ["camps","schoolclose","Learning centres close when the heat peaks."],
  [
    "informal",
    "pregnancy",
    "Pregnant women who keep doing heavy work in the heat face more miscarriage and early birth."
  ],
  ["fetching","pregnancy","Carrying water far in the heat adds strain to a pregnancy."],
  ["pregnancy","mental","Heat in pregnancy adds stress and anxiety, known risks for the birth."],
  ["quality","childdiarrhoea","Warm, low water lets bacteria multiply."],
  ["sanitation","childdiarrhoea","Without clean water and handwashing, children catch diarrhoea more easily."],
  ["spoilage","childdiarrhoea","Food that spoils in the heat makes children ill."],
  ["childdiarrhoea","newborns","Repeated diarrhoea leaves young children undernourished and weak."],
  ["childdiarrhoea","hsys","Sick children fill clinics in the hot months."],
  ["harvests","suicide","When heat ruins crops, farm incomes fall, and suicides rise in the growing season."],
  ["mental","suicide","Distress that goes without support can end in self-harm."],
  ["homes","gbv","Crowded, hot homes may raise tension inside them."],
  ["informal","womenwater","Many women’s workplaces have no safe toilets."],
  ["womenwater","kidney","Dehydration at work strains the kidneys."]
]