{ "title": "Paying when heat strikes: heat risk finance in South and Southeast Asia", "publisher": "Common Shade", "url": "https://beattheheat.asia/paying-when-heat-strikes/", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "checked": "2026-10-31", "disclaimer": "Listing is not endorsement and is not financial, insurance or investment advice.", "rules": [ "Money is kept in its kind: premiums, cover limits, payouts and budgets are never added together.", "Warning, action and payout triggers are kept apart.", "Every scheme records whether it paid, and when; 'never triggered' is a valid finding.", "Known, inferred and uncertain are kept distinct.", "Links that failed our link check are left out." ], "layers": [ { "id": "social", "name": "Through systems that already reach people", "short": "Social protection", "when": "every", "text": "Cash transfers, employment guarantees, health cover and bill relief that pay more, or earlier, in a heatwave." }, { "id": "retain", "name": "Money kept ready", "short": "Budgets and reserves", "when": "every", "text": "Budgets, reserves and disaster funds that a government, city or organisation keeps for the heat it expects most years." }, { "id": "anticipatory", "name": "Money released on a forecast", "short": "Anticipatory action", "when": "every", "text": "Funds agreed in advance and released when a forecast crosses a threshold, so help arrives before the worst heat." }, { "id": "contingent", "name": "Credit and budgets arranged in advance", "short": "Contingent finance", "when": "hard", "text": "Credit lines and budget reallocations that can be drawn quickly when a declared or measured event exceeds what was kept." }, { "id": "transfer", "name": "Risk shared with insurers and markets", "short": "Insurance, pools and bonds", "when": "extreme", "text": "Insurance, regional pools and catastrophe bonds that pay when a contracted trigger is met, usually for rarer, more severe years." } ], "schemes": [ { "id": "sewa_2023", "n": "SEWA extreme-heat pilot, 2023", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Heat index policy", "covered": "Informal women members", "trigger": { "metric": "Three-day cumulative temperature", "threshold": "District/time-specific; numeric schedule not verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "NASA POWER", "window": "5 May–30 June 2023" }, "paid": "never", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [ { "year": "2023", "number": "21000", "unit": "women enrolled" } ], "premiumBy": "Grant sponsor", "basis": "Inferred: index, geography or eligibility may not match individual harm; magnitude not measured here.", "fallback": "Adaptation equipment distributed; no contractual cash fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Included", "women": "Target population", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence documented; missing transaction fields are not evidence of no payments." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "ICICI Lombard", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "SEWA", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "Zurich Re", "role": "reinsurer" }, { "n": "Blue Marble", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260524065149/https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "sewa_2024", "n": "SEWA heat insurance and separate cash support, 2024 policy year", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Heat insurance plus separately funded cash", "covered": "50,000 women enrolled; coverage count is not payout count.", "trigger": { "metric": "Consecutive hot days", "threshold": "Two days; district thresholds 41.6–46.1°C. Full schedule not verified.", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "9 April 2024–31 March 2025" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "", "basis": "Inferred: index, geography or eligibility may not match individual harm; magnitude not measured here.", "fallback": "Separate donor-funded cash assistance; contractual fallback not established.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Included", "women": "Target population", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Case study reports insurance payments in 17 districts and separate cash assistance across all districts; amounts and bank-credit dates not verified here." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "ICICI Lombard", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "Swiss Re", "role": "reinsurer" }, { "n": "SEWA", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "HERA / Climate Resilience for All", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260524065149/https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "axa_hk_2024", "n": "AXA Hong Kong Heatwave Parametric Insurance, launch design", "inst": "parametric_heat_meso", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "China" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Specified temperature trigger", "covered": "Outdoor employees; contract-level enrolment not verified.", "trigger": { "metric": "Air temperature; launch footnote describes arithmetic average of daily maximum temperatures", "threshold": "Above 36.0°C for three consecutive days; averaging detail needs contract confirmation.", "kind": "payout", "data": "Hong Kong Observatory", "window": "August–October in launch design" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "100", "currency": "HKD", "usd": "12.82", "kind": "limit", "scope": "Launch cash-or-equivalent-kit benefit per person; aggregate policy limit not verified.", "year": "2024" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Buyer/corporation channel; exact allocation not verified", "basis": "Inferred: index, geography or eligibility may not match individual harm; magnitude not measured here.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence documented; missing transaction fields are not evidence of no payments." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "AXA Hong Kong and Macau", "role": "insurer" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.axa.com.hk/en/article/axa-launches-pioneering-heatwave-parametric-insurance", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260316183550/https://www.axa.com.hk/en/article/axa-launches-pioneering-heatwave-parametric-insurance" }, { "label": "HKMA: linked exchange rate system", "url": "https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/money/linked-exchange-rate-system/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261022025117/https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/money/linked-exchange-rate-system/" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "dhaka_eap_2024", "n": "Bangladesh Red Crescent Heatwave EAP, 2024 activation", "inst": "aa_humanitarian", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heatwave early action", "covered": "Vulnerable urban residents; not insurance policyholders.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast/observed maximum air temperature and heat index", "threshold": "Activation note describes >38°C and high heat index for at least two days; not a complete formal trigger algorithm.", "kind": "forecast", "data": "BMD; ECMWF and GFS forecasts", "window": "Activated 21 April 2024; stated seven-day lead time" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: humanitarian finance", "basis": "Inferred: index, geography or eligibility may not match individual harm; magnitude not measured here.", "fallback": "Further response operation reported; no universal entitlement verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence documented; missing transaction fields are not evidence of no payments." }, { "status": "reported", "text": "IFRC mid-year report states 23,500 at-risk individuals received multipurpose cash; amount, exact credit date and unique-household denominator not verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Bangladesh Red Crescent Society", "role": "aggregator" }, { "n": "IFRC-DREF", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827319", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260215142618/https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827319" }, { "label": "IFRC (2024): DREF mid-year report", "url": "https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/IFRC%27s%20Disaster%20Response%20Emergency%20Fund%20Mid-Year%20Report%202024.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260223035051/https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/IFRC's%20Disaster%20Response%20Emergency%20Fund%20Mid-Year%20Report%202024.pdf" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "pakistan_start_rp5", "n": "Start Ready Pakistan heatwave, Risk Pool 5", "inst": "aa_humanitarian", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Heatwave activation", "covered": "Communities reached by implementing agencies; not necessarily insured or cash recipients.", "trigger": { "metric": "", "threshold": "", "kind": "forecast", "data": "", "window": "Activation period 1 May–30 July 2026" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not an individual insurance premium", "basis": "Inferred: index, geography or eligibility may not match individual harm; magnitude not measured here.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Dashboard records activation and distribution. Currency and denominator reconciliation are insufficient for admitting its financial amount or reach counts." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Start Network", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/funds/start-ready/activations/act-00000167", "archive": "" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "lao_seadrif_2025", "n": "Lao PDR SEADRIF sovereign policy, 2025–2027", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Lao PDR" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Reviewed policy covers floods, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides; direct institutional model only.", "covered": "Government fiscal response", "trigger": { "metric": "Cumulative officially reported affected population", "threshold": "Second tier: 300,000–449,999 affected people", "kind": "payout", "data": "Lao NDMO impact reports", "window": "Policy aggregation rules; reported events 2 May–4 August 2025" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2025-09-01", "amount": "2000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "2000000", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Lao Ministry of Finance: one sovereign recipient; 305,196 affected people is not a paid-beneficiary count.", "days": "6 business days after receipt of latest government impact data; not six days from event or household timing.", "channel": "Sovereign receipt", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "SEADRIF (3 September 2025): Lao PDR payout", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043448/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/" } } ], "size": { "amount": "16000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "16000000", "kind": "limit", "scope": "", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant-supported government policy", "basis": "Inferred: index, geography or eligibility may not match individual harm; magnitude not measured here.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence documented; missing transaction fields are not evidence of no payments." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SEADRIF Insurance Company", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "Lao Ministry of Finance", "role": "government" }, { "n": "Gallagher Re", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043448/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/" }, { "label": "World Bank (11 February 2026): Southeast Asia financial preparedness", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043445/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "jamaica_bond_2024", "n": "Jamaica World Bank catastrophe bond, 2024 issuance", "inst": "cat_bond", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Jamaica" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Non-heat direct model for tail-risk capital; no heat eligibility.", "covered": "Government named-storm risk", "trigger": { "metric": "Named storm central pressure and path", "threshold": "Full numeric schedule not verified in reviewed summary", "kind": "payout", "data": "US National Hurricane Center", "window": "Per occurrence; 2024 bond risk period" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [ { "date": "2025-11-07", "amount": "150000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "150000000", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Government of Jamaica; settlement receipt not verified", "days": "", "channel": "", "status": "announced", "src": { "label": "World Bank (7 November 2025): Jamaica full payout announcement", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/11/07/hurricane-melissa-triggers-100-payout-of-150-million-world-bank-catastrophe-bond-for-jamaica", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260723175853/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/11/07/hurricane-melissa-triggers-100-payout-of-150-million-world-bank-catastrophe-bond-for-jamaica" } } ], "size": { "amount": "150000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "150000000", "kind": "bond_size", "scope": "", "year": "2024" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Sponsor; full premium and subsidy allocation not verified", "basis": "Inferred: index, geography or eligibility may not match individual harm; magnitude not measured here.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence documented; missing transaction fields are not evidence of no payments." }, { "status": "reported", "text": "Full payout qualification was announced; settlement not established by this notice." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "IBRD / World Bank", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "Government of Jamaica", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/04/25/world-bank-returns-to-the-cat-bond-market-providing-financial-protection-to-jamaica", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260411152239/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/04/25/world-bank-returns-to-the-cat-bond-market-providing-financial-protection-to-jamaica" }, { "label": "World Bank (7 November 2025): Jamaica full payout announcement", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/11/07/hurricane-melissa-triggers-100-payout-of-150-million-world-bank-catastrophe-bond-for-jamaica", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260723175853/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/11/07/hurricane-melissa-triggers-100-payout-of-150-million-world-bank-catastrophe-bond-for-jamaica" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "ushma_kavach", "n": "Ushma Kavach dairy heat index insurance", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit dairy heat-stress parametric product launched February 2024", "covered": "Dairy farmers' heat-related milk-income risk", "trigger": { "metric": "", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "", "basis": "Inferred: index, geography or eligibility may not match individual harm; magnitude not measured here.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence documented; missing transaction fields are not evidence of no payments." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "IBISA", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.ibisa.network/en/blog/ushma-kavach-a-climate-resilient-shield-for-indias-dairy-farmers", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260618043356/https://www.ibisa.network/en/blog/ushma-kavach-a-climate-resilient-shield-for-indias-dairy-farmers" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "tokio_heatstroke", "n": "Tokio Marine X heatstroke clinical-event benefits", "inst": "clinical_fixed_benefit", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "Japan" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Specified heatstroke medical events", "covered": "Covered individuals", "trigger": { "metric": "Covered clinical event; not a weather index", "threshold": "Physician-determined IV treatment, qualifying hospital admission or ambulance transport, as applicable.", "kind": "payout", "data": "Clinical documentation", "window": "During policy term" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "", "basis": "No weather-index basis risk; access to diagnosis and specified treatment can leave other heat harm unpaid.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence documented; missing transaction fields are not evidence of no payments." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Tokio Marine X", "role": "insurer" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.tokiomarine-x.co.jp/faq/heatstroke-coverage.html", "archive": "" } ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "sewa_heat_2023", "n": "SEWA / CRC / Blue Marble heat pilot, 2023", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat application in cited source.", "covered": "Women informal workers enrolled through SEWA", "trigger": { "metric": "Three-day sum of maximum air temperature", "threshold": "Phase/district-specific; full schedule not verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "NASA POWER reported by CGAP; full contract feed not verified", "window": "5 May–30 June 2023" }, "paid": "never", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "7600", "currency": "INR", "usd": "92.04", "kind": "sum_insured", "scope": "Per member maximum cover", "year": "2023" }, "enrol": [ { "year": "2023", "number": "21000", "unit": "women" } ], "premiumBy": "CRC grant funded insurer premium; programme member contribution is distinct.", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Adaptation tools distributed; no guaranteed cash fallback established.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Target population", "women": "Target population", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "Low-income membership, not universal access" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "test", "text": "Small pilot; no insurance payout triggered." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SEWA", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "Climate Resilience Center", "role": "funder" }, { "n": "Blue Marble", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "ICICI Lombard", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "Zurich Insurance Group", "role": "reinsurer" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://onebillionresilient.org/project/extreme-heat-protection-initiative/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260926050639/https://onebillionresilient.org/project/extreme-heat-protection-initiative/" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "sewa_wcs_2024", "n": "SEWA / HERA Women's Climate Shock Insurance, 2024 policy year", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Heat-index insurance with separate donor cash. Do not combine insurance payout and cash disbursement.", "covered": "Women informal workers enrolled through SEWA", "trigger": { "metric": "Daily maximum temperature over consecutive days", "threshold": "Two days; published threshold ranges conflict, so district numeric schedule withheld", "kind": "payout", "data": "Policy-specific feed not verified", "window": "9 April 2024–31 March 2025" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2024; exact bank dates not verified", "amount": "29200000", "currency": "INR", "usd": "349045.98", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "46,339 members reported", "days": "", "channel": "Members' bank accounts", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "ILO (2026), SEWA climate-insurance journey, pp. 8–15", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf", "archive": "" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [ { "year": "2024", "number": "50000", "unit": "women" } ], "premiumBy": "Member contribution plus donor support", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Separate donor cash layer documented; no insurance entitlement below threshold.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Target population", "women": "Target population", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "Low-income members; selection barriers not quantified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Payment and design figures from institutional programme account; discrepancies logged." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SEWA", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "HERA (then Climate Resilience for All)", "role": "funder" }, { "n": "ICICI Lombard", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "Swiss Re", "role": "reinsurer" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "sewa_heat_cyclone_2025", "n": "SEWA / HERA heat plus cyclone, 2025 policy year", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat application in cited source.", "covered": "Women informal workers enrolled through SEWA", "trigger": { "metric": "Daily maximum air temperature", "threshold": "District-specific; numeric schedule not verified; continuing-event rules include tolerance for a small daily dip", "kind": "payout", "data": "IMD 1×1° gridded temperature as reported", "window": "15 April 2025–14 April 2026" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2025 reporting period; exact dates not verified", "amount": "3613607", "currency": "INR", "usd": "41465.75", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Number paid not verified", "days": "", "channel": "", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "ILO (2026), SEWA climate-insurance journey, pp. 8–15", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf", "archive": "" } } ], "size": { "amount": "3121", "currency": "INR", "usd": "35.81", "kind": "limit", "scope": "Reported heat benefit per member; cyclone component separate", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [ { "year": "2025", "number": "225000", "unit": "women" } ], "premiumBy": "Member plus grant", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Separate lower-threshold cash layer; insurance benefit is not that cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Target population", "women": "Target population", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Multi-peril scheme: payment figure cannot be treated as a heat-only total." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SEWA", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "HERA", "role": "funder" }, { "n": "Swiss Re", "role": "reinsurer" }, { "n": "ICICI Lombard", "role": "insurer" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "sewa_heat_rain_2025", "n": "SEWA / Blue Marble / CRC heat plus excessive rain, 2025 policy year", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat application in cited source.", "covered": "Women informal workers enrolled through SEWA", "trigger": { "metric": "Maximum temperature and daily rainfall", "threshold": "Heat: two consecutive days above phase-specific threshold; numeric schedule not verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "25 April 2025–24 April 2026; heat has weekly phases" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2025 reporting period; exact dates not verified", "amount": "9418902", "currency": "INR", "usd": "108080.87", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Number paid not verified", "days": "", "channel": "", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "ILO (2026), SEWA climate-insurance journey, pp. 8–15", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf", "archive": "" } } ], "size": { "amount": "3935", "currency": "INR", "usd": "45.15", "kind": "limit", "scope": "Reported per-member maximum; heat/rain allocation requires schedule", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [ { "year": "2025", "number": "21000", "unit": "women" } ], "premiumBy": "", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Target population", "women": "Target population", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Product/pilot existence documented; not evidence of measured effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SEWA", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "Blue Marble", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "Climate Resilience Center", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "vimosewa_heat_2024", "n": "VimoSEWA heat prototype, 2024 design and subsequent pause", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "paused", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat application in cited source.", "covered": "Women informal workers enrolled through VimoSEWA", "trigger": { "metric": "Temperature index from ERA5; daily statistic insufficiently clear", "threshold": "More than 43.2°C on 7 non-consecutive days for first scheduled benefit", "kind": "payout", "data": "ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis", "window": "1 April–31 July 2024" }, "paid": "never", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "3000", "currency": "INR", "usd": "35.86", "kind": "limit", "scope": "Per policy maximum for 2024 design", "year": "2024" }, "enrol": [ { "year": "2024", "number": "2421", "unit": "heat policyholders" } ], "premiumBy": "Participating women; no subsidy established", "basis": "Primary process report documents experienced heat without trigger and confusion over weather readings. No individual loss/payout validation sample.", "fallback": "2026 news reports a cooperative no-claims bonus; amount, date and contractual entitlement not verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Eligible target", "women": "Women only in 2024 design", "older_people": "Ages 18–70 eligible; above 70 excluded in documented design", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "Paid premium and documentation can constrain access; rate unmeasured" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "test", "text": "Prototype documented in own process study." }, { "status": "reported", "text": "Later pause and redesign reported in news; distinct from SEWA–HERA programme." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "National Insurance VimoSEWA Cooperative Ltd.", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "IBISA Network", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.sewainsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Parametric-Heat-and-Rainfall-Insurance-for-Informal-Women-Workers.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260701200321/https://www.sewainsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Parametric-Heat-and-Rainfall-Insurance-for-Informal-Women-Workers.pdf" }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" }, { "label": "The Telegraph, syndicated by AOL (16 July 2026), VimoSEWA pause and redesign", "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/feel-m-front-fireball-45c-151008000.html", "archive": "" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "mht_heat_2024", "n": "Mahila Housing Trust Climate Risk Insurance, 2024 pilot", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat application in cited source.", "covered": "Women cooperative members in low-income urban communities", "trigger": { "metric": "Maximum air temperature on two consecutive days", "threshold": "Ahmedabad lower/higher 43.7/44.1°C; Vadodara 43.6/44.18°C; Surat 37.8/38.08°C; full contract not retrieved", "kind": "payout", "data": "ERA5 reanalysis reported by study", "window": "1 April–31 July 2024 per MiN account" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2024; bank-credit dates not verified", "amount": "1500000", "currency": "INR", "usd": "17930.44", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "2,000 women reported", "days": "", "channel": "Bank-linked; direct receipt chronology not verified", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "MHT-hosted Heat Risk Insurance impact study, posted September 2026", "url": "https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261008075129/https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [ { "year": "2024", "number": "26000", "unit": "women cooperative members" } ], "premiumBy": "MHT; credited to accounts before debit to insurer as study describes", "basis": "Study documents mismatch between ERA5 eligibility and local weather reports/perceived heat; not a quantified actuarial basis-risk estimate.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Target population", "women": "Target population", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "Cooperative membership, documents and KYC constrain reach; exclusion rate not quantified." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "test", "text": "Pilot and payment activity documented." }, { "status": "measured", "text": "Post-pilot survey measures experience and understanding, not causal effects." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Mahila Housing Trust", "role": "aggregator" }, { "n": "Credit cooperatives promoted by MHT", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "Go Digit Insurance", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "Global Parametrics", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "Howden India", "role": "broker" }, { "n": "Natural Disaster Fund Technical Assistance Facility", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261008075129/https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.munichre-foundation.org/content/dam/munichre/foundation/publications/inclusive-insurance/2024-icii/ICII2024_Report_final.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./ICII2024_Report_final.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250513193145/https://www.munichre-foundation.org/content/dam/munichre/foundation/publications/inclusive-insurance/2024-icii/ICII2024_Report_final.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./ICII2024_Report_final.pdf" }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" }, { "label": "Microinsurance Network, MHT pilot account", "url": "https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/index-insurance-innovation-protecting-families-against-extreme-heat-in-india", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260614132505/https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/index-insurance-innovation-protecting-families-against-extreme-heat-in-india" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "jansahas_digit_2025", "n": "Jan Sahas / Go Digit worker heat cover, 2025", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Informal and migrant workers", "trigger": { "metric": "Daily temperature and consecutive days", "threshold": "Noida: 42°C for five consecutive days; additional ten-day tier reported. Other city schedules not verified.", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "2025 heat season; exact policy dates not verified" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "3000", "currency": "INR", "usd": "34.42", "kind": "limit", "scope": "Maximum heat benefit per worker; not actual paid amount", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Jan Sahas sponsorship reported; amount not verified", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Explicit target", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "Explicit target", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Go Digit", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "Jan Sahas", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "K.M. Dastur", "role": "broker" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/heatwave-triggers-insurance-payouts-to-indian-workers-2025-06-18/", "archive": "" }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" }, { "label": "Go Digit, general parametric policy wording", "url": "https://www.godigit.com/content/dam/godigit/directportal/en/downloads/others/policy-wordings-digit-parametric-insurance-policy.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "IRDAI, Bima Bharosa complaint gateway", "url": "https://bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in/Home/CallCenter", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260712061627/https://bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in/Home/CallCenter" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "climatesafe_2025", "n": "Bajaj ClimateSafe", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Retail customers including gig workers, drivers, households and small shops", "trigger": { "metric": "Customised heat/temperature index", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "Selectable coverage periods of one to thirty days" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Buyer; quote-specific amount and subsidies not verified", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Marketed to gig workers; actual enrolment not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Bajaj General Insurance", "role": "insurer" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/download-documents/news/apr-2025/Press-Release-Bajaj-Allianz-General-Insurance-Unveils-ClimateSafe.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260105182415/https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/download-documents/news/apr-2025/Press-Release-Bajaj-Allianz-General-Insurance-Unveils-ClimateSafe.pdf" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "saral_dairy_2023", "n": "Saral Krishi Bima / Malabar Milma dairy heat cover", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Dairy cattle owned by cooperative farmers", "trigger": { "metric": "Daily maximum temperature", "threshold": "District-specific schedule not verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "IMD gridded temperature described in government launch", "window": "Thirty-day cover during April/May 2023; exact individual inception dates not verified" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "2000", "currency": "INR", "usd": "24.22", "kind": "sum_insured", "scope": "Per animal", "year": "2023" }, "enrol": [ { "year": "2023", "number": "14500", "unit": "animals reportedly insured; sector account, not the launch target" } ], "premiumBy": "Farmer, with milk-payment deduction channel described by sector source", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "Cooperative membership/animal ownership channel; coverage of the poorest not established." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Agriculture Insurance Company of India", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "IBISA", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "AIMS Insurance Broking", "role": "broker" }, { "n": "Malabar Regional Cooperative Milk Producers Union", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1915851&lang=2®=48", "archive": "" }, { "label": "Microinsurance Network, IBISA dairy distribution and 2023 performance", "url": "https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260614132806/https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock" }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "india_dairy_channels_2023", "n": "IBISA / HDFC ERGO dairy channels: Stellapps and Godrej Agrovet", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Dairy livestock keepers", "trigger": { "metric": "High-temperature index", "threshold": "Five-day exceedance approach described in sector account; full channel-specific schedules not verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "2023; exact covered windows not verified" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [ { "year": "2023", "number": "7500", "unit": "animals via Stellapps" }, { "year": "2023", "number": "400", "unit": "animals via Godrej Agrovet" } ], "premiumBy": "Farmer-funded through milk receipts described for dairy distribution; channel-specific invoice not verified", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "HDFC ERGO", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "IBISA", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "Stellapps", "role": "aggregator" }, { "n": "Godrej Agrovet", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260614132806/https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "green_delta_dairy", "n": "Green Delta / IBISA Bangladesh dairy heat-index pilot", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Smallholder dairy farmers", "trigger": { "metric": "Temperature and humidity heat index", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "Launched June 2024; 2025 settlement reported" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Green Delta Insurance", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "IBISA", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "APDS", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://green-delta.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Annual-Report-2025.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/corporates/green-delta-insurance-completes-bangladeshs-first-dairy-heat-index-insurance", "archive": "" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "iraq_wfp_2025", "n": "WFP / Asia Gate drought-and-heat pilot", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "Iraq" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Agricultural households", "trigger": { "metric": "Drought and heat weather indices", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "Drought December 2024–May 2025; heat June–September 2025" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2025; exact dates not verified", "amount": "61000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "61000.00", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "More than 2,400 people; operator-reported combined hazards", "days": "", "channel": "", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "WFP Innovation Accelerator (24 June 2026), Iraq inclusive risk finance results", "url": "https://wfpinnovation.medium.com/pre-arranged-financing-for-early-response-a-smarter-way-to-protect-lives-and-livelihoods-6fd9a837d398", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260816091149/https://wfpinnovation.medium.com/pre-arranged-financing-for-early-response-a-smarter-way-to-protect-lives-and-livelihoods-6fd9a837d398" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [ { "year": "2025", "number": "4800", "unit": "people covered, operator-reported" } ], "premiumBy": "Programme-supported pilot; exact premium incidence not verified.", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Asia Gate Insurance", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "World Food Programme", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "WRMS", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://insurancediwan.gov.iq/?p=68608&lang=en", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260412123324/https://insurancediwan.gov.iq/?p=68608&lang=en" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://wfpinnovation.medium.com/pre-arranged-financing-for-early-response-a-smarter-way-to-protect-lives-and-livelihoods-6fd9a837d398", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260816091149/https://wfpinnovation.medium.com/pre-arranged-financing-for-early-response-a-smarter-way-to-protect-lives-and-livelihoods-6fd9a837d398" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/wrms-and-wfp-launch-parametric-insurance-pilot-in-iraq-2025-03-03/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250724130353/https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/wrms-and-wfp-launch-parametric-insurance-pilot-in-iraq-2025-03-03/" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "france_heat_stress", "n": "Heat Stress Protect dairy cover", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "France" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Dairy income affected by heat stress", "trigger": { "metric": "Temperature–humidity heat-stress model", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "Gridded weather and farm-area modelling described by launch", "window": "2021 launch; annual compensation cycle" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SCOR", "role": "reinsurer" }, { "n": "ITK", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "Skyline Partners", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.scor.com/en/news/launch-heat-stress-protect-insurance-protect-dairy-income-climate-change", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260305140510/https://www.scor.com/en/news/launch-heat-stress-protect-insurance-protect-dairy-income-climate-change" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "uk_dairy_heat_2023", "n": "NFU Mutual / Markel dairy heat-stress pilot", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Dairy farms", "trigger": { "metric": "Dairy heat-stress index; full schedule not verified", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "2023 pilot; review noted in 2024 transition plan" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "NFU Mutual", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "Markel", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "Gallagher", "role": "broker" }, { "n": "Skyline Partners", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "ITK", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://epi-prod.nfumutual.co.uk/globalassets/about-us/climate-transition-plan.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/posts/markel-international_nfu-mutual-to-roll-out-markel-underwritten-activity-7067546441971294208-kYC8", "archive": "" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "axa_climate", "n": "AXA Climate bespoke heat cover", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Global" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Businesses; low-income or small-business enrolment not verified", "trigger": { "metric": "Temperature index; contract-specific", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "Contract-specific; not verified" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Customer; bespoke quote, amount not verified", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "AXA Climate", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://climate.axa/publications/parametric-insurance-closing-climate-protection-gaps/", "archive": "" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "descartes_heat", "n": "Descartes extreme-temperature cover", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Global" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Businesses; low-income or small-business enrolment not verified", "trigger": { "metric": "Heat days and/or intensity, customised", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "Contract-specific; not verified" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Customer; bespoke quote, amount not verified", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Descartes", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://descartesunderwriting.com/solutions/extreme-temperatures", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261016201616/https://descartesunderwriting.com/solutions/extreme-temperatures" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "arbol_temperature", "n": "Arbol high-temperature cover", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "United States" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Businesses; low-income or small-business enrolment not verified", "trigger": { "metric": "Daily maximum temperature / maximum during coverage period", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "PRISM, according to product overview", "window": "Contract-specific; not verified" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Customer; bespoke quote, amount not verified", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Arbol", "role": "technical" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://insurance.arbol.io/product/high-temperature", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250827223911/https://insurance.arbol.io/product/high-temperature" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "hillridge_heat", "n": "Hillridge agricultural high-temperature cover", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Australia" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat-related product in cited source.", "covered": "Agricultural businesses", "trigger": { "metric": "Temperature index; contract-specific", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "Contract-specific; not verified" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Customer; bespoke quote, amount not verified", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Hillridge", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "MSI Australia", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "Victor", "role": "broker" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.hillridge.com.au/faqs", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260520073029/https://www.hillridge.com.au/faqs" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.hillridge.com.au/blog-1/15/6/2021/hillridge-powers-australias-first-direct-real-time-agriculture-weather-insurance-platform", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260615105129/https://www.hillridge.com.au/blog-1/15/6/2021/hillridge-powers-australias-first-direct-real-time-agriculture-weather-insurance-platform" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "rwbcis_framework", "n": "India Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme: heat-capable framework", "inst": "parametric_heat_micro", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Extreme temperature is an eligible weather peril in the framework; actual heat cover depends on notified crop/location term sheet.", "covered": "Farmers cultivating notified insured crops", "trigger": { "metric": "Notified crop-stage temperature index", "threshold": "Crop/location/season-specific; no complete issued heat schedule imported", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Farmer contribution plus public premium subsidy; heat-only premium and incidence not verified", "basis": "Inferred exposure risk: individual harm may not match the contracted index, geographic unit or time window. No measured basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence described by cited source; not independent evidence of effect." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government of India", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2304549&lang=1®=48", "archive": "" } ], "module": 2 }, { "id": "ccrif", "n": "CCRIF regional sovereign risk pool", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "regional", "countries": [ "Caribbean and Central America" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Current published product list contains no dedicated extreme-heat product. Hazard/sector contracts is not the same as all-hazard heat cover.", "covered": "CCRIF SPC / participating governments", "trigger": { "metric": "Peril-specific modelled loss/index", "threshold": "Contract-specific attachment/exhaustion; no heat schedule identified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal/administrative records; operational feed not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government/member or donor support; exact premium not verified", "basis": "Index/peril mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss. No measured heat-specific basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Current published product list contains no dedicated extreme-heat product. Hazard/sector contracts is not the same as all-hazard heat cover." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "CCRIF SPC / participating governments", "role": "pool" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.ccrif.org/aboutus/ccrif-products?language_content_entity=en", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260422233025/https://www.ccrif.org/aboutus/ccrif-products?language_content_entity=en" }, { "label": "CCRIF operational account and COAST beneficiary mechanism", "url": "https://www.ccrif.org/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261019064454/https://www.ccrif.org/" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "arc", "n": "African Risk Capacity operating portfolio", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "regional", "countries": [ "African Union member states" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Operating perils described are drought, flood, tropical cyclone and specified infectious-disease outbreaks. Outbreak cover is not general heat-health insurance.", "covered": "ARC Agency / ARC Ltd and participating governments", "trigger": { "metric": "Country/product-specific modelled needs or outbreak index", "threshold": "No operating heat threshold identified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal/administrative records; operational feed not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2025-07-25, reported receipt; bank timestamp not verified", "amount": "3065746", "currency": "USD", "usd": "3065746.00", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Government of Malawi", "days": "", "channel": "Sovereign payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "ARC official release: Malawi traditional and anticipatory drought payments,25July 2025", "url": "https://arc.int/news/government-malawi-receives-insurance-payout-arc-group-following-2024-drought", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260314090751/https://arc.int/news/government-malawi-receives-insurance-payout-arc-group-following-2024-drought" } }, { "date": "2025-07-25 publication reports receipt; component-specific transfer date not verified", "amount": "311037", "currency": "USD", "usd": "311037.00", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Government of Malawi", "days": "", "channel": "Sovereign anticipatory-policy payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "ARC official release: Malawi traditional and anticipatory drought payments,25July 2025", "url": "https://arc.int/news/government-malawi-receives-insurance-payout-arc-group-following-2024-drought", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260314090751/https://arc.int/news/government-malawi-receives-insurance-payout-arc-group-following-2024-drought" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Malawi example: ADRiFi-MDTF support for traditional drought premium; KfW support for anticipatory premium. Amounts not verified.", "basis": "Index/peril mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss. No measured heat-specific basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Operating perils described are drought, flood, tropical cyclone and specified infectious-disease outbreaks. Outbreak cover is not general heat-health insurance." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "ARC Agency / ARC Ltd and participating governments", "role": "pool" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.arc.int/news/amplifying-gender-epidemic-preparedness-improved-health-outcomes", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260411021835/https://arc.int/news/amplifying-gender-epidemic-preparedness-improved-health-outcomes" }, { "label": "ARC official release: Malawi traditional and anticipatory drought payments,25July 2025", "url": "https://arc.int/news/government-malawi-receives-insurance-payout-arc-group-following-2024-drought", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260314090751/https://arc.int/news/government-malawi-receives-insurance-payout-arc-group-following-2024-drought" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "arc_xcf", "n": "ARC Extreme Climate Facility / Extreme Climate Index concept", "inst": "cat_bond", "layer": "transfer", "level": "regional", "countries": [ "Africa" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "ARC design includes an extreme-temperature component alongside rainfall indices. Public documents describe a proposed facility, not verified issuance.", "covered": "Proposed ARC-member adaptation financing vehicle", "trigger": { "metric": "Extreme Climate Index, combining SPI3, SPI12 and Standardised Heat Wave Index", "threshold": "Illustrative term sheet only; no binding strike verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "ERA-INTERIM / CERA-20C reanalysis in design/backtests", "window": "Proposed multi-year assessment, including five-year financing windows; not an event-level heat payment" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government/member or donor support; exact premium not verified", "basis": "Index/peril mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss. No measured heat-specific basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "concept", "text": "ARC design includes an extreme-temperature component alongside rainfall indices. Public documents describe a proposed facility, not verified issuance." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Proposed ARC-member adaptation financing vehicle", "role": "pool" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.arc.int/sites/default/files/2021-09/XCF-Policy-Brief-Summary.pdf", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "pcric", "n": "PCRIC regional sovereign cover, including Tonga drought", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "regional", "countries": [ "Pacific Island countries" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Reviewed operating evidence covers conventional catastrophe and drought risks; no explicit heat/temperature policy verified. A rainfall drought trigger is not a heat trigger.", "covered": "PCRIC / participating governments", "trigger": { "metric": "Peril-specific indices; Tonga drought based on insufficient rainfall", "threshold": "", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal/administrative records; operational feed not verified", "window": "2026 drought season; renewal planned for 1 November 2026 in September source" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government/member or donor support; exact premium not verified", "basis": "Index/peril mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss. No measured heat-specific basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Reviewed operating evidence covers conventional catastrophe and drought risks; no explicit heat/temperature policy verified. A rainfall drought trigger is not a heat trigger." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "PCRIC / participating governments", "role": "pool" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://global-shield-solutions.org/2026/09/18/pcric-delivers-fifth-drought-payout-to-tonga-highlighting-the-importance-of-pre-arranged-finance-amid-el-nino-season/", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "seadrif", "n": "SEADRIF regional platform / operating hazard portfolio", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "regional", "countries": [ "ASEAN+3 participating countries" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Operating Lao sovereign cover lists floods, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides. Explicit heat solutions are being developed through an October 2026 accelerator; no issued sovereign heat policy verified.", "covered": "SEADRIF Initiative and Insurance Company", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal/administrative records; operational feed not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government/member or donor support; exact premium not verified", "basis": "Index/peril mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss. No measured heat-specific basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "concept", "text": "Operating Lao sovereign cover lists floods, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides. Explicit heat solutions are being developed through an October 2026 accelerator; no issued sovereign heat policy verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SEADRIF Initiative and Insurance Company", "role": "pool" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/hera-and-seadrif-partner-to-accelerate-solutions-to-extreme-heat-across-southeast-asia/", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "lao_people", "n": "Lao PDR SEADRIF #PEOPLE sovereign policy, 2025–27", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Lao PDR" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Published policy perils are floods, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides. Heat is not listed in the reviewed terms summary.", "covered": "Ministry of Finance, Lao PDR", "trigger": { "metric": "Cumulative annual government-reported people affected by eligible disasters", "threshold": "2025 payout tier:300,000–449,999 people.2026 first tier reported after exceeding200,000. Full year-specific schedule not verified; do not harmonise tiers.", "kind": "payout", "data": "Lao NDMO official impact reports", "window": "Annual accumulation within two-year 2025–27 policy" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2025-09-01", "amount": "2000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "2000000.00", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Lao Ministry of Finance;305,196 people reported affected, not paid recipients", "days": "6 business days after receipt of latest NDMO data", "channel": "Sovereign payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "SEADRIF: Lao sovereign payout on 1 September 2025", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043448/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/" } }, { "date": "2026-09-01", "amount": "1000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "1000000.00", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Government of Lao PDR", "days": "5 business days after report receipt/validation, reported", "channel": "Sovereign payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "SEADRIF: separate government and WFP payouts, 1 September 2026", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-delivers-us1-14-million-in-payouts-to-lao-pdr-government-and-wfp-in-five-business-days-following-heavy-rainfall-and-widespread-flooding/", "archive": "" } } ], "size": { "amount": "16000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "16000000.00", "kind": "limit", "scope": "Two-year multi-peril coverage limit, not heat cover", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government policy supported by Global Shield Financing Facility and Risk Finance Umbrella grants", "basis": "Reported affected people may omit or double-count harm; eligibility and annual tiers differ from individual losses. No independent heat basis-risk measure.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Published policy perils are floods, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides. Heat is not listed in the reviewed terms summary." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Ministry of Finance, Lao PDR", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043445/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia" }, { "label": "SEADRIF: Lao sovereign payout on 1 September 2025", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043448/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/" }, { "label": "SEADRIF: separate government and WFP payouts, 1 September 2026", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-delivers-us1-14-million-in-payouts-to-lao-pdr-government-and-wfp-in-five-business-days-following-heavy-rainfall-and-widespread-flooding/", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "lao_wfp", "n": "Lao PDR government–WFP aligned impact-trigger arrangement, 2026", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Lao PDR" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Shared disaster-impact trigger; reviewed activation is flooding, not heat.", "covered": "Lao Ministry of Finance and WFP under separate policies", "trigger": { "metric": "Cumulative official NDMO affected-person counts", "threshold": "First payout after 200,000-person threshold; additional payment after count exceeded375,000; complete legal tier schedule not verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal/administrative records; operational feed not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2026-09-01", "amount": "137500", "currency": "USD", "usd": "137500.00", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "WFP", "days": "5 business days after official report, reported", "channel": "Institutional payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "SEADRIF: separate government and WFP payouts, 1 September 2026", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-delivers-us1-14-million-in-payouts-to-lao-pdr-government-and-wfp-in-five-business-days-following-heavy-rainfall-and-widespread-flooding/", "archive": "" } } ], "size": { "amount": "1100000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "1100000.00", "kind": "limit", "scope": "WFP separate policy limit; not additional government annual cover", "year": "2026" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government/member or donor support; exact premium not verified", "basis": "Index/peril mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss. No measured heat-specific basis-risk rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Shared disaster-impact trigger; reviewed activation is flooding, not heat." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SEADRIF Insurance Company", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "World Food Programme", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-delivers-us1-14-million-in-payouts-to-lao-pdr-government-and-wfp-in-five-business-days-following-heavy-rainfall-and-widespread-flooding/", "archive": "" }, { "label": "SEADRIF: additional government/WFP joint payouts, 4 September 2026", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-releases-additional-financing-as-lao-pdr-flood-impacts-grow-taking-total-payouts-to-us2-28-million/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260913012749/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-releases-additional-financing-as-lao-pdr-flood-impacts-grow-taking-total-payouts-to-us2-28-million/" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "lao_drought", "n": "Lao PDR–SEADRIF–FAO anticipatory drought extension sandbox", "inst": "aa_national", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Lao PDR" ], "region": "sea", "status": "pilot", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Explicit drought extension; a direct model for government forecast-to-finance arrangements, not verified heat insurance.", "covered": "Lao Ministry of Finance", "trigger": { "metric": "Combined Drought Index", "threshold": "Defined in pilot; numeric value not published in reviewed source", "kind": "forecast", "data": "Observation and forecast data monitored by Department of Meteorology and Hydrology", "window": "Launched27 May 2026; exact covered calendar not verified" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: this is not insurance", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Administrative eligibility, evidence, approval and payment delays can leave harmful heat without timely funding (inference).", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "test", "text": "Explicit drought extension; a direct model for government forecast-to-finance arrangements, not verified heat insurance." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Lao Ministry of Finance", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-and-fao-launch-southeast-asias-first-anticipatory-drought-insurance-pilot-in-lao-pdr/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260713132145/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-and-fao-launch-southeast-asias-first-anticipatory-drought-insurance-pilot-in-lao-pdr/" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "wb_cat_framework", "n": "World Bank Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option framework", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Eligible World Bank borrowers" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Natural and health-related emergencies can be within scope; eligibility and release conditions are negotiated for each operation. Generic eligibility is not a confirmed heat entitlement.", "covered": "Borrowing sovereign finance ministry", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Country-specific withdrawal conditions, typically qualifying emergency declaration and satisfactory programme framework", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Sovereign debt service and applicable fees; no insurance premium", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Natural and health-related emergencies can be within scope; eligibility and release conditions are negotiated for each operation. Generic eligibility is not a confirmed heat entitlement." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Borrowing sovereign finance ministry", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury/ibrd-financial-products/disaster-risk-management", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260622120317/https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury/ibrd-financial-products/disaster-risk-management" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "nepal_cat", "n": "Nepal Cat DDO,2024", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Official approval covers natural/climate-induced hazards or health emergencies. Heat would ideally satisfy legal withdrawal conditions; no heat drawdown verified.", "covered": "Government of Nepal / Ministry of Finance", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Qualifying hazard/health emergency; signed withdrawal clause not reviewed", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "150000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "150000000.00", "kind": "credit_line", "scope": "Approved contingent financing, not disbursement", "year": "2024" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Sovereign credit obligations", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Official approval covers natural/climate-induced hazards or health emergencies. Heat would ideally satisfy legal withdrawal conditions; no heat drawdown verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government of Nepal / Ministry of Finance", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/10/07/world-bank-approves-150-million-to-strengthen-nepal-s-disaster-response-and-resilience", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260909230252/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/10/07/world-bank-approves-150-million-to-strengthen-nepal-s-disaster-response-and-resilience" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "ph_cat4", "n": "Philippines World Bank Cat DDO4,2021–23", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "ended", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "State of Calamity for imminent/occurring natural catastrophe or State of Public Health Emergency enables release; a PAGASA heat warning is not itself this condition.", "covered": "Republic of the Philippines / Bureau of the Treasury", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Qualifying State of Calamity or Public Health Emergency", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "Approved 17 November 2021; closed4 September 2023 per IEG review" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "500000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "500000000.00", "kind": "credit_line", "scope": "Approved Cat DDO4 limit", "year": "2021" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government borrowing", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "State of Calamity for imminent/occurring natural catastrophe or State of Public Health Emergency enables release; a PAGASA heat warning is not itself this condition." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Republic of the Philippines / Bureau of the Treasury", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/11/17/wb-approves-credit-line-for-managing-risks-from-climate-change-natural-disasters-and-disease-outbreaks", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260517180549/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/11/17/wb-approves-credit-line-for-managing-risks-from-climate-change-natural-disasters-and-disease-outbreaks" }, { "label": "World Bank: Philippines post-disaster finance, 5 April 2022", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/04/05/strengthening-the-philippines-post-disaster-financial-resilience-drmhubtokyo", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260515200408/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/04/05/strengthening-the-philippines-post-disaster-financial-resilience-drmhubtokyo" }, { "label": "IEG ICR review of Philippines Cat DDO4, 2025", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099091725124033734/pdf/P177125-641b5ff4-ff19-426d-a7d0-6002f7a7f192.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251217030123/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099091725124033734/pdf/P177125-641b5ff4-ff19-426d-a7d0-6002f7a7f192.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "adb_cdf", "n": "ADB Contingent Disaster Financing framework", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "ADB developing member countries" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "2022 policy includes natural-hazard disasters and health emergencies; heat release depends on negotiated conditions.", "covered": "Borrowing/recipient governments", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Typically emergency declaration or agreed equivalent; equivalent conditions can be negotiated", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Sovereign loan obligations, or concessional grant terms where applicable", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "2022 policy includes natural-hazard disasters and health emergencies; heat release depends on negotiated conditions." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Borrowing/recipient governments", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/801071/enhancing-cdf-and-csf.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603221822/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/801071/enhancing-cdf-and-csf.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "adb_ph_drip2", "n": "ADB Philippines Second Disaster Resilience Improvement Program, 2025", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Approved programme covers natural-hazard disasters or health emergencies; explicit heat drawdown/threshold not verified.", "covered": "Republic of the Philippines", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Negotiated conditions; full loan agreement not reviewed", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "Initial five-year facility; renewal/replenishment subject to approvals" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "500000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "500000000.00", "kind": "credit_line", "scope": "Approved multiyear contingent loan", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government debt service", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Approved programme covers natural-hazard disasters or health emergencies; explicit heat drawdown/threshold not verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Republic of the Philippines", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.adb.org/news/500-million-adb-loan-bolster-philippines-disaster-resilience", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260827002135/https://www.adb.org/news/500-million-adb-loan-bolster-philippines-disaster-resilience" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "adb_ph_drip1", "n": "ADB first Philippines Disaster Resilience Improvement Program: historical drawdowns", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "ended", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Programme allows natural-hazard/health-emergency release. COVID-19 drawdown is a non-heat direct model.", "covered": "Republic of the Philippines", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Enhanced community quarantine under IATF Resolution106-A was an eligible condition", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "Historical 2020–21 operation" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "January 2021", "amount": "300000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "300000000.00", "kind": "disbursement", "recipients": "Government of Philippines", "days": "", "channel": "Budget support", "status": "disbursed", "src": { "label": "ADB Independent Evaluation Department: first Philippines DRIP validation, December 2025", "url": "https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/Evaluation%20Document/1110811/files/PVR%20L3968%20PHI%20Disaster%20Resilience%20Improvement%20Program_0.pdf", "archive": "" } }, { "date": "April 2021", "amount": "200000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "200000000.00", "kind": "disbursement", "recipients": "Government of Philippines", "days": "", "channel": "Budget support", "status": "disbursed", "src": { "label": "ADB Independent Evaluation Department: first Philippines DRIP validation, December 2025", "url": "https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/Evaluation%20Document/1110811/files/PVR%20L3968%20PHI%20Disaster%20Resilience%20Improvement%20Program_0.pdf", "archive": "" } } ], "size": { "amount": "500000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "500000000.00", "kind": "credit_line", "scope": "Approved first DRIP loan", "year": "2020" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "evaluated", "text": "Programme allows natural-hazard/health-emergency release. COVID-19 drawdown is a non-heat direct model." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Republic of the Philippines", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/Evaluation%20Document/1110811/files/PVR%20L3968%20PHI%20Disaster%20Resilience%20Improvement%20Program_0.pdf", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "adb_3rdo", "n": "ADB Rapid Resource Reprogramming and Deployment Option, 2026", "inst": "contingency_budget", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "ADB developing member countries" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Can redirect undisbursed sovereign portfolio finance for qualifying crises; heat needs an approved country-specific trigger.", "covered": "Governments with pre-approved response project", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Pre-agreed project conditions and government request", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "Framework approved 1 April 2026" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Option called zero-cost; underlying project financing obligations/opportunity costs remain.", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Can redirect undisbursed sovereign portfolio finance for qualifying crises; heat needs an approved country-specific trigger." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Governments with pre-approved response project", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-new-emergency-financing-option-accelerate-crisis-response-across-asia-and-pacific", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260723203143/https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-new-emergency-financing-option-accelerate-crisis-response-across-asia-and-pacific" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "aiib_png_cat", "n": "AIIB proposed PNG CPBF with Cat-DDO,project001062", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Papua New Guinea" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Proposed climate/natural-disaster and health-emergency financing; no approved available heat credit established.", "covered": "Government of PNG / Department of Treasury", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Proposed state-of-emergency declaration; signed approved terms not verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "112500000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "112500000.00", "kind": "credit_line", "scope": "Proposed TOTAL CPBF amount; Cat-DDO component not separately verified", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "concept", "text": "Proposed climate/natural-disaster and health-emergency financing; no approved available heat credit established." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government of PNG / Department of Treasury", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/details/2025/proposed/independent-state-of-papua-new-guinea-growth-resilience-climate-policy-based-financing-cpbf-catastrophe-deferred-drawdown-option-cat-ddo.html", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "idb_ccf", "n": "IDB Contingent Credit Facility modalities", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Latin America and Caribbean borrowing members" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "ModalityII includes non-parametric natural-disaster/public-health risks; potentially relevant to heat, subject to each contract. No heat drawdown verified.", "covered": "Borrowing sovereign governments", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Contract-defined eligible event; ModalityI rapid-onset parametric, ModalityII non-parametric", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Sovereign borrowing and drawdown charges", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "ModalityII includes non-parametric natural-disaster/public-health risks; potentially relevant to heat, subject to each contract. No heat drawdown verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Borrowing sovereign governments", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.iadb.org/en/how-we-can-work-together/public-sector/financing-offerings/contingent-credit-facility-natural-disaster-and-public-health-emergencies", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260417162919/https://www.iadb.org/en/how-we-can-work-together/public-sector/financing-offerings/contingent-credit-facility-natural-disaster-and-public-health-emergencies" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "india_sdrf", "n": "India State Disaster Response Funds, 2026–31", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "MHA parliamentary answer confirms heatwaves and lightning added to notified calamities in 2026–31. Immediate relief remains governed by approved norms, not full loss compensation.", "covered": "State governments / State Executive Committees", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Approved heat relief norms and state administrative authorisation. Detailed 2026 response items/limits not verified.", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "FY 2026–27 to 2030–31" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "MHA parliamentary answer confirms heatwaves and lightning added to notified calamities in 2026–31. Immediate relief remains governed by approved norms, not full loss compensation." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "State governments / State Executive Committees", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261031152742/https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" }, { "label": "MHA, 31 July 2026: SDMF/NDMF operational guidelines, clauses 3, 7–9", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.in/files/policies_guidelines_document/OperationalGuidelinesforAdministrationoftheStateDisasterMitigationFundandNationalDisasterMitigationFundbasedontherecommendationsofSixteenthFinanceCommission2026-27to2030-31.pdf", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "india_ndrf", "n": "India National Disaster Response Fund, 2026–31", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Heatwaves now in notified response-fund framework. NDRF supplements state capacity under severe-disaster and assistance procedures; not automatic household insurance.", "covered": "Union government / Ministry of Home Affairs", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "State request and central assistance process for severe disaster, subject to updated norms; complete 2026 procedure not verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "FY 2026–27 to 2030–31" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Heatwaves now in notified response-fund framework. NDRF supplements state capacity under severe-disaster and assistance procedures; not automatic household insurance." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Union government / Ministry of Home Affairs", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261031152742/https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "india_sdmf", "n": "India State Disaster Mitigation Funds, 2026–31", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "July 2026 guidelines expressly include heatwave mitigation, preparedness and capacity building for notified hazards.", "covered": "State Disaster Management Authorities / state governments", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Approved new mitigation project. Annual single-hazard share normally capped at50%, relaxable by MHA on specified recommendation/concurrence; non-structural measures up to10% annual allocation.", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "FY 2026–27 to 2030–31" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "408800000000", "currency": "INR", "usd": "4690935295.39", "kind": "budget", "scope": "All-state, all-hazard SDMF award-period allocation; NOT a heat earmark", "year": "2026–31" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Regular development schemes/state own resources for excluded or recurring costs; not guaranteed individual benefit.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "July 2026 guidelines expressly include heatwave mitigation, preparedness and capacity building for notified hazards." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "State Disaster Management Authorities / state governments", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.in/files/policies_guidelines_document/OperationalGuidelinesforAdministrationoftheStateDisasterMitigationFundandNationalDisasterMitigationFundbasedontherecommendationsofSixteenthFinanceCommission2026-27to2030-31.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "Federal Reserve G5A:2024/2025 annual exchange rates", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "india_ndmf", "n": "India National Disaster Mitigation Fund, 2026–31", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Official answer confirms heat mitigation eligibility; July 2026 mitigation guidelines govern national/state windows.", "covered": "Union government / national mitigation approval machinery", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Approved eligible mitigation proposal and national approval process; national fund-specific detailed limits not fully verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "FY 2026–27 to 2030–31" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Official answer confirms heat mitigation eligibility; July 2026 mitigation guidelines govern national/state windows." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Union government / national mitigation approval machinery", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261031152742/https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" }, { "label": "MHA, 31 July 2026: SDMF/NDMF operational guidelines, clauses 3, 7–9", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.in/files/policies_guidelines_document/OperationalGuidelinesforAdministrationoftheStateDisasterMitigationFundandNationalDisasterMitigationFundbasedontherecommendationsofSixteenthFinanceCommission2026-27to2030-31.pdf", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "kerala_heat_funding", "n": "Kerala SDMF heat mitigation and district heat-action funding", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "KSDMA reports a 2024 SDMF release to Agriculture Department for cardamom heat mitigation and increased district heat-action allocations in 2026.", "covered": "Government of Kerala / KSDMA / DDMAs", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Administrative heat-action/mitigation authorisation; no parametric trigger", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2024; exact release date not published in cited chronology", "amount": "100000000", "currency": "INR", "usd": "1195362.95", "kind": "disbursement", "recipients": "Kerala Agriculture Department; number of farmers benefiting not verified", "days": "", "channel": "Departmental transfer", "status": "disbursed", "src": { "label": "KSDMA Heat Actions: departmental heat releases and district allocations", "url": "https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260519102627/https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "No universal worker cash benefit established", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "KSDMA reports a 2024 SDMF release to Agriculture Department for cardamom heat mitigation and increased district heat-action allocations in 2026." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government of Kerala / KSDMA / DDMAs", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260519102627/https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/" }, { "label": "Federal Reserve G5A:2024/2025 annual exchange rates", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "pk_ndrmf", "n": "Pakistan National Disaster Risk Management Fund", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Audited public entity finances disaster/climate resilience; ADB describes grant-on-grant investment support, not an automatic emergency payout fund. Heat-specific expenditure/eligibility schedule not verified.", "covered": "Government-owned NDRMF company", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Eligible implementing-partner subproject approval and grant conditions; no automatic heat threshold", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "evaluated", "text": "Audited public entity finances disaster/climate resilience; ADB describes grant-on-grant investment support, not an automatic emergency payout fund. Heat-specific expenditure/eligibility schedule not verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government-owned NDRMF company", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099043025065088914/pdf/P163924-1198a26c-a8fd-4623-ad86-016c71b2cd43.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "ADB: Pakistan NDRMF institutional structure and grant channel", "url": "https://www.adb.org/projects/50316-001/main", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240421115308/https://www.adb.org/projects/50316-001/main" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "bd_funds", "n": "Bangladesh national and district Disaster Management Funds", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "2012 Act expressly includes heatwaves and section32 provides national/district funds. Legal inclusion does not verify a pre-agreed heat cash benefit.", "covered": "Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief / district committees", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Authorised disaster-management expenditure under financial rules and 2021 fund rules; detailed heat criteria not verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "2012 Act expressly includes heatwaves and section32 provides national/district funds. Legal inclusion does not verify a pre-agreed heat cash benefit." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief / district committees", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/sites/unicef.org.bangladesh/files/2018-10/Disaster-Mgt-Act-2012-English.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221115111705/https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/sites/unicef.org.bangladesh/files/2018-10/Disaster-Mgt-Act-2012-English.pdf" }, { "label": "Bangladesh Ministry of Disaster Management: laws including 2021 fund rules", "url": "https://modmr.gov.bd/pages/laws", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "np_funds", "n": "Nepal central, provincial, district and local Disaster Management Funds", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Act section2(i) explicitly includes heat wave. Sections22–23 establish central and subnational disaster funds; ordinary administrative expenses excluded from central fund.", "covered": "Government of Nepal / NDRRMA and subnational governments", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Authorised disaster-management/relief expenditure and applicable fund procedures; no universal temperature release threshold verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Act section2(i) explicitly includes heat wave. Sections22–23 establish central and subnational disaster funds; ordinary administrative expenses excluded from central fund." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government of Nepal / NDRRMA and subnational governments", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nep228597.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261017094522/https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nep228597.pdf" }, { "label": "Nepal Ministry of Home Affairs: Disaster Management Fund Operation Procedure 2079", "url": "https://www.moha.gov.np/post/va-patha-va-yavasa-tha-pana-ka-shha-sania-ca-lna-ka-ra-yava-thha-2079", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260516115435/https://moha.gov.np/post/va-patha-va-yavasa-tha-pana-ka-shha-sania-ca-lna-ka-ra-yava-thha-2079" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "sl_budget", "n": "Sri Lanka disaster-relief budget and NDRSC delivery channel", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "unclear", "heatWhy": "NDRSC describes relief and drinking-water support in extreme dry weather. A separate heat-specific entitlement or automatic heatwave release rule was not verified.", "covered": "Treasury / NDRSC / district and divisional administrations", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Government relief authorisation and current budget/circular criteria; full heat application not verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Feasibility study describes Treasury budget contingency replacing discontinued national insurance; current 2026 detailed heat rules not verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Treasury / NDRSC / district and divisional administrations", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260608013917/https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "sl_nndis", "n": "Sri Lanka historical National Natural Disaster Insurance Scheme", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Sri Lanka" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "unclear", "heatWhy": "Feasibility study describes the former public scheme; reviewed historical accounts exclude drought but do not establish explicit heat cover.", "covered": "Government / National Insurance Trust Fund / NDRSC", "trigger": { "metric": "Historical indemnity/relief eligibility for specified natural perils", "threshold": "Heat not explicitly verified; full policy not retrieved", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government/member or premium support; exact amount not verified", "basis": "Peril/index mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss; no measured heat-specific mismatch rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Feasibility study describes the former public scheme; reviewed historical accounts exclude drought but do not establish explicit heat cover." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government / National Insurance Trust Fund / NDRSC", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260608013917/https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "ph_ndrrmf", "n": "Philippines National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Broad disaster relief/recovery and pre-disaster purposes; heat can only fund eligible approved requirements. No automatic heat-index entitlement verified.", "covered": "National government / DBM and implementing agencies", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Agency/LGU request, evaluation/recommendation and approval processes as applicable; cash allotment and accounting rules", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "39822355000", "currency": "PHP", "usd": "636012856.86", "kind": "budget", "scope": "FY 2026 current appropriations subtotal including NDRRMP, PSF and LGU DRRAP; NOT a heat earmark", "year": "2026" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Broad disaster relief/recovery and pre-disaster purposes; heat can only fund eligible approved requirements. No automatic heat-index entitlement verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "National government / DBM and implementing agencies", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260714004419/https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds" }, { "label": "Philippines DBM: FY 2026 NDRRMF status as at 28 February 2026", "url": "https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/e-Fund_Releases/NDRRMF2026/NDRRMF-Status-as-of-February-28-2026.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "BSP: monthly/annual PHP per USD, Table12", "url": "https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/external/tab12_pus_data.aspx", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260615143508/https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/external/tab12_pus_data.aspx" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "ph_qrf", "n": "Philippines agency Quick Response Funds", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Standby agency funds for eligible crises/calamities; use is distinct from centrally approved NDRRMF replenishment. Heat-specific release not verified.", "covered": "Designated government agencies", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Agency-authorised eligible QRF spending; DBM says initial use does not require NDRRMC recommendation or Presidential approval. Replenishment follows separate approval.", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Standby agency funds for eligible crises/calamities; use is distinct from centrally approved NDRRMF replenishment. Heat-specific release not verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Designated government agencies", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260714004419/https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "ph_psf", "n": "Philippines People's Survival Fund", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Long-term adaptation finance can address heat-relevant water, health and climate vulnerability projects, subject to approval. It is not an emergency indemnity or forecast-trigger payout.", "covered": "PSF Board / Treasury with LGUs and accredited community organisations", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Project proposal/work-financial plan, risk/planning documents and approval; no heat warning payout", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "1000000000", "currency": "PHP", "usd": "15971251.75", "kind": "budget", "scope": "FY 2026 PSF appropriation, included within NDRRMF subtotal above", "year": "2026" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Long-term adaptation finance can address heat-relevant water, health and climate vulnerability projects, subject to approval. It is not an emergency indemnity or forecast-trigger payout." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "PSF Board / Treasury with LGUs and accredited community organisations", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://climate.gov.ph/peoples-survival-fund", "archive": "" }, { "label": "Philippines DBM: FY 2026 NDRRMF status as at 28 February 2026", "url": "https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/e-Fund_Releases/NDRRMF2026/NDRRMF-Status-as-of-February-28-2026.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "BSP: monthly/annual PHP per USD, Table12", "url": "https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/external/tab12_pus_data.aspx", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260615143508/https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/external/tab12_pus_data.aspx" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "ph_ldrrmf", "n": "Philippines Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Funds", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Local funds may finance preparedness, relief/recovery and calamity-insurance premiums within legal/planning rules; explicit heat spending requires an eligible local plan/authorisation.", "covered": "LGUs / local DRRM councils and finance offices", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Local plan/appropriation and lawful spending; local calamity declaration based on LDRRMC recommendation/assessment where relevant. Do not apply declaration requirement to every prevention activity.", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Local funds may finance preparedness, relief/recovery and calamity-insurance premiums within legal/planning rules; explicit heat spending requires an eligible local plan/authorisation." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "LGUs / local DRRM councils and finance offices", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/58073", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251231130916/https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/58073" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "th_advances", "n": "Thailand emergency disaster-relief advances", "inst": "contingent_credit", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "region": "sea", "status": "unclear", "heat": "unclear", "heatWhy": "Official reports describe relief advances before ordinary budget allocation;2025/2026 rule updates located. Full current heat eligibility and item rules not verified.", "covered": "Ministry of Finance / DDPM / provincial authorities", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Current emergency-relief advance criteria/authorised declaration not fully reviewed", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Official reports describe relief advances before ordinary budget allocation;2025/2026 rule updates located. Full current heat eligibility and item rules not verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Ministry of Finance / DDPM / provincial authorities", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://law.disaster.go.th/help/download?id=inner_2741", "archive": "" }, { "label": "Thailand first Biennial Transparency Report, 2024, financing section", "url": "https://www.dcce.go.th/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Submitted-1st-BTR_compressed-1.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251008235950/https://www.dcce.go.th/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Submitted-1st-BTR_compressed-1.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "id_pfb", "n": "Indonesia Pooling Fund Bencana / IndoRisk", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Indonesia" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "unclear", "heatWhy": "PFB accumulates and disburses disaster finance for pre-disaster, emergency and recovery uses, including risk transfer. No explicit extreme-heat eligibility or heat release verified.", "covered": "Ministry of Finance / BPDLH, coordinated with BNPB", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Applicable PFB/BNPB verification, eligible-use and disbursement procedures; no heat-specific trigger verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "PFB accumulates and disburses disaster finance for pre-disaster, emergency and recovery uses, including risk transfer. No explicit extreme-heat eligibility or heat release verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Ministry of Finance / BPDLH, coordinated with BNPB", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/parb/en/pfb-2/", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "vn_funds", "n": "Viet Nam national/provincial natural-disaster prevention and control funds", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Viet Nam" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "2020 law explicitly includes extreme heat;2021 decree establishes central/provincial funds. Specific expenditure requires applicable approval and amended rules.", "covered": "National fund / provincial People's Committees", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Approved disaster prevention/control and relief expenditure; no automatic heat threshold", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "2020 law explicitly includes extreme heat;2021 decree establishes central/provincial funds. Specific expenditure requires applicable approval and amended rules." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "National fund / provincial People's Committees", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/vie212266.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250202191944/https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/vie212266.pdf" }, { "label": "Viet Nam Government: Decree78/2021 fund establishment", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=203789&pageid=27160", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250706131817/https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=203789" }, { "label": "Viet Nam Government: March 2025 changes to fund governance", "url": "https://baochinhphu.vn/chi-dao-dieu-hanh-cua-chinh-phu-thu-tuong-chinh-phu-ngay-7-3-2025-102250307203146235.htm", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250405021527/https://baochinhphu.vn/chi-dao-dieu-hanh-cua-chinh-phu-thu-tuong-chinh-phu-ngay-7-3-2025-102250307203146235.htm" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "kh_reserve", "n": "Cambodia disaster-management budget and reserves", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Cambodia" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "unclear", "heatWhy": "2015 law articles38–39 provides NCDM budget and appropriate disaster reserve resources. Explicit heat-specific release/benefit criteria not verified.", "covered": "Government / NCDM / Office of Council of Ministers", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Authorised disaster-management budget/reserve expenditure; exact current heat conditions not verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "2015 law articles38–39 provides NCDM budget and appropriate disaster reserve resources. Explicit heat-specific release/benefit criteria not verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government / NCDM / Office of Council of Ministers", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://disasterlaw.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/media/disaster_law/2020-08/Cambodia%20DM%20Law_English.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240616004026/https://disasterlaw.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/media/disaster_law/2020-08/Cambodia%20DM%20Law_English.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "qc_heat", "n": "Quezon City heat action plan and pilot-interventions procurement, 2026", "inst": "reserve_fund", "layer": "retain", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Signed municipal contract explicitly covers development of a comprehensive heat action plan and pilot heat interventions.", "covered": "Quezon City Government", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Public procurement award, notice to proceed and contract payment conditions; not a weather or insurance trigger", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "October 2026 award/commencement; completed deliverables not verified" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "4000000", "currency": "PHP", "usd": "63885.01", "kind": "budget", "scope": "Awarded contract price inclusive of VAT; commitment, not proof of payment or total city heat budget", "year": "2026" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not applicable: not an insurance instrument", "basis": "Index basis risk not applicable. Harmful heat may precede or fail administrative eligibility, approval or release; this is an inference, not a measured exclusion rate.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Signed municipal contract explicitly covers development of a comprehensive heat action plan and pilot heat interventions." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Quezon City Government", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://quezoncity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/CONTRACT-GS-2609036.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "BSP: monthly/annual PHP per USD, Table12", "url": "https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/external/tab12_pus_data.aspx", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260615143508/https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/external/tab12_pus_data.aspx" }, { "label": "Quezon City notice to proceed GS-2609036, October 2026", "url": "https://quezoncity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/NTP-GS-2609036.pdf", "archive": "" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "ph_city_pool", "n": "Philippine City Disaster Insurance Pool design / development", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "unclear", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "ADB's design covers typhoons and earthquakes; no heat product verified. Later policy support for a voluntary city scheme does not establish issuance or payments.", "covered": "Participating city governments; DOF-led pool design", "trigger": { "metric": "Physical-event parameters for earthquakes/typhoons in design", "threshold": "Design/contract-specific; no issued heat threshold", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Proposed city participation; current payer/subsidy amounts not verified", "basis": "Peril/index mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss; no measured heat-specific mismatch rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "concept", "text": "ADB's design covers typhoons and earthquakes; no heat product verified. Later policy support for a voluntary city scheme does not establish issuance or payments." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Participating city governments; DOF-led pool design", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.adb.org/publications/philippine-city-disaster-insurance-pool", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241009100458/https://www.adb.org/publications/philippine-city-disaster-insurance-pool" }, { "label": "ADB: Second Disaster Resilience Improvement Program approval, 29 January 2025", "url": "https://www.adb.org/news/500-million-adb-loan-bolster-philippines-disaster-resilience", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260827002135/https://www.adb.org/news/500-million-adb-loan-bolster-philippines-disaster-resilience" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "kerala_insurance_concept", "n": "Kerala proposed sovereign/BPL group parametric–indemnity scheme", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "unclear", "heatWhy": "February 2026 order grants in-principle approval for natural-hazard parametric cover and BPL household indemnity. Heat is not explicitly confirmed in reviewed outline.", "covered": "Government of Kerala / State Insurance Department", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative eligibility / approval", "threshold": "Thresholds, validation, beneficiary verification, payment mechanisms, SOPs and audit to be developed", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Proposed equal funding from State Consolidated Fund and CMDRF; actual invoice not verified", "basis": "Peril/index mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss; no measured heat-specific mismatch rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "BPL families explicitly proposed; no actual enrolment/claims established." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "concept", "text": "February 2026 order grants in-principle approval for natural-hazard parametric cover and BPL household indemnity. Heat is not explicitly confirmed in reviewed outline." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government of Kerala / State Insurance Department", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GO62026Risk-2.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260518065930/https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GO62026Risk-2.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "nagaland_rain", "n": "Nagaland state rainfall-parametric insurance lineage", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "ISF documents basic excess-rainfall pilot and premium support. Temperature/humidity observations do not establish heat underwriting.", "covered": "Nagaland State Disaster Management Authority", "trigger": { "metric": "Excess rainfall index", "threshold": "Full issued schedule not verified", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "2020 pilot;2024 premium support continuation" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "State with ISF premium support; exact rate/amount not verified", "basis": "Peril/index mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss; no measured heat-specific mismatch rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "ISF documents basic excess-rainfall pilot and premium support. Temperature/humidity observations do not establish heat underwriting." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "NSDMA", "role": "government" }, { "n": "Tata AIG", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "InsuResilience Solutions Fund", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/2024/06/17/isf-continues-to-support-nagalands-climate-risk-insurance-program-with-further-premium-subsidy-support/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261004184108/https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/2024/06/17/isf-continues-to-support-nagalands-climate-risk-insurance-program-with-further-premium-subsidy-support/" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "ph_parametric_pilot", "n": "Philippines sovereign/provincial parametric pilot, 2017–19", "inst": "regional_pool", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "ended", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Historical typhoon/earthquake policy provides a direct model for budget-execution and basis-risk lessons, not heat coverage.", "covered": "Bureau of the Treasury; government agencies and 25 provinces intended users", "trigger": { "metric": "AIR modelled catastrophe loss", "threshold": "Contract attachment/exhaustion, peril-specific; no heat component", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "July 2017–July 2018 and December 2018–December 2019" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2018-02-01", "amount": "83516978.49", "currency": "PHP", "usd": "1585924.01", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Bureau of the Treasury", "days": "About6 weeks after event; event date differs by 1 day across report sections", "channel": "GSIS policy payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "World Bank/Kimetrica: Philippines parametric pilot lessons, December 2020/2021 publication", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260109155955/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf" } }, { "date": "2019-06-17", "amount": "848594656", "currency": "PHP", "usd": "16383464.61", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Bureau of the Treasury", "days": "56 calendar days from 22 April 2019 event; derived from report dates", "channel": "GSIS policy payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "World Bank/Kimetrica: Philippines parametric pilot lessons, December 2020/2021 publication", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260109155955/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf" } }, { "date": "2020-01-07", "amount": "490120438", "currency": "PHP", "usd": "9876661.50", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Bureau of the Treasury", "days": "36 calendar days from 2 December 2019 event; derived from report dates", "channel": "GSIS policy payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "World Bank/Kimetrica: Philippines parametric pilot lessons, December 2020/2021 publication", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260109155955/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "National government paid on behalf of provincial beneficiaries; exact premium figures withheld here rather than mixing policy years", "basis": "Study documents positive basis risk afterTembin: model-triggering province sustained lower observed damage, complicating allocation. No heat basis-risk rate inferred.", "fallback": "Other government disaster funds may have supplied assistance; not tracked as this policy's proceeds.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "measured", "text": "Historical typhoon/earthquake policy provides a direct model for budget-execution and basis-risk lessons, not heat coverage." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Bureau of the Treasury; government agencies and 25 provinces intended users", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260109155955/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf" }, { "label": "Philippine Statistics Authority, Caraga mineral accounts, Table19: BSP2018 PHP/USD rate", "url": "https://rssocaraga.psa.gov.ph/system/files/publication/Caraga_Asset_Account_for_Mineral_Resources_2015-2018.pdf", "archive": "" }, { "label": "BSP Q3 2022 report:2019/2020 annual exchange rates, statistical appendix", "url": "https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Lists/Quarterly%20Report/Attachments/24/LTP_3qtr2022.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230306164100/https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Lists/Quarterly%20Report/Attachments/24/LTP_3qtr2022.pdf" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "ph_catbond2019", "n": "Philippines World Bank catastrophe bond, 2019–22", "inst": "cat_bond", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "ended", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Specified earthquake/typhoon bond, not heat or temperature cover. Included as direct capital-market and treasury-to-delivery model.", "covered": "Republic of Philippines; World Bank issuer", "trigger": { "metric": "Covered cyclone/earthquake calculation;2022 release refers to wind parameters", "threshold": "Partial trigger met afterRai; full signed trigger schedule not retrieved", "kind": "declaration", "data": "Authorised legal and administrative records; exact release data not verified", "window": "November 2019–November 2022" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "Reported by 2022-01-25; exact credit date not verified", "amount": "52500000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "52500000.00", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Government of Philippines", "days": "", "channel": "Sovereign bond-risk-transfer payment", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "Philippines Department of Finance: Cat Bond payout announcement, 25January 2022", "url": "https://www.dof.gov.ph/phl-cat-bond-triggers-payout/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260225131955/https://www.dof.gov.ph/phl-cat-bond-triggers-payout/" } } ], "size": { "amount": "225000000", "currency": "USD", "usd": "225000000.00", "kind": "bond_size", "scope": "Total 2019 cover:75mearthquake and 150mtyphoon; not premium", "year": "2019" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Philippines pays risk-premium portion of coupon; actual premium not verified", "basis": "Peril/index mismatch can leave losses uncovered or pay more than observed loss; no measured heat-specific mismatch rate verified.", "fallback": "Other budget or assistance channels may exist; no guaranteed heat-specific fallback verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified", "poorest": "No universal personal entitlement established by this financing instrument." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Specified earthquake/typhoon bond, not heat or temperature cover. Included as direct capital-market and treasury-to-delivery model." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Republic of Philippines; World Bank issuer", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.dof.gov.ph/phl-cat-bond-triggers-payout/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260225131955/https://www.dof.gov.ph/phl-cat-bond-triggers-payout/" } ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "bd_heat", "n": "Bangladesh Red Crescent Dhaka heat EAP", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast maximum air temperature plus heat index", "threshold": "At least 38°C maximum temperature for ≥2 consecutive days and HI ≥38. Activation requires BMD plus ECMWF or GFS; see source wording.", "kind": "forecast", "data": "BMD; ECMWF/GFS", "window": "Pre-activation 5–7 days; full activation 2–3 days" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2024 operation; individual receipt dates not verified", "amount": "5000", "currency": "BDT", "usd": "42.74", "kind": "disbursement", "recipients": "4,000 households; operator reports 18,000 people", "days": "", "channel": "Mobile money via financial service provider", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.ifrc.org/appeal/bangladesh-heatwave-eap-mdrbd032", "archive": "" } }, { "date": "2024 operation; exact date not verified", "amount": "2500", "currency": "BDT", "usd": "21.37", "kind": "disbursement", "recipients": "243 households", "days": "", "channel": "Cash and voucher assistance; detailed reconciliation not verified", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.ifrc.org/appeal/bangladesh-heatwave-eap-mdrbd032", "archive": "" } } ], "size": { "amount": "499930", "currency": "CHF", "usd": "556467.05", "kind": "budget", "scope": "", "year": "2023" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Rickshaw pullers, street vendors and daily-wage workers prioritized.", "women": "Pregnant/lactating women prioritized.", "older_people": "Prioritized.", "disabled_people": "Prioritized.", "migrants": "Explicit eligibility/document requirements not verified." }, "protection": "Its documents describe a way for people to ask a question or raise a concern. We could not yet see how that works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Cash receipt confirmed by operator final-report extract; payment dates and PDM sample unavailable in accessed material." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Bangladesh Red Crescent Society", "role": "aggregator" }, { "n": "IFRC-DREF", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=724054", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260902010857/https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=724054" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.ifrc.org/happening-now/emergencies/anticipatory-pillar-dref", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260727194735/https://www.ifrc.org/happening-now/emergencies/anticipatory-pillar-dref" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.bb.org.bd/pub/halfyearly/monetaryprev/monetary%20policy%20review%202023-24.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129171759/https://www.bb.org.bd//pub/halfyearly/monetaryprev/monetary%20policy%20review%202023-24.pdf" }, { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.ifrc.org/appeal/bangladesh-heatwave-eap-mdrbd032", "archive": "" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "vn_test", "n": "Hanoi forecast-based cooling test, 2019", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Viet Nam" ], "region": "sea", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Heat index plus maximum air temperature", "threshold": "HI above local 99th percentile for 2 days and Tmax ≥37°C", "kind": "forecast", "data": "IMHEN forecast model; national meteorological temperature forecast", "window": "6-day readiness; reconfirm at 3 days for activation" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Vulnerable urban wards targeted.", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "test", "text": "Operational test, not independent health-outcome evaluation." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Vietnam Red Cross and German Red Cross", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.rcrc-resilience-southeastasia.org/tag/vietnam/", "archive": "" }, { "label": "test", "url": "https://www.forecast-based-financing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/7_Update7_TheTriggerprotocol.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230513062429/https://www.forecast-based-financing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/7_Update7_TheTriggerprotocol.pdf" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "vn_eap", "n": "Vietnam Red Cross heat EAP EAP2021VN01", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Viet Nam" ], "region": "sea", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Heat index", "threshold": "Current signed EAP threshold not verified; 2019 test rule would ideally not be assumed unchanged.", "kind": "forecast", "data": "IMHEN", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Reported near-threshold forecasts plus internal approvals prevented activation in 2022–23. Inferred: heat can cause harm below funding threshold.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Operator annual review describes approval, data-contract and equipment-readiness constraints." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Vietnam Red Cross Society", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827691", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260902025202/https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827691" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "mm_heat", "n": "Myanmar Red Cross urban heat simplified EAP", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Myanmar" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Calculated heat index (protocol uses index values without units)", "threshold": "Yangon ≥62.6; Mandalay ≥58.2 for ≥3 consecutive days", "kind": "forecast", "data": "DMH 5-day numerical forecasts; IMD 10-day pre-readiness outlook", "window": "5-day horizon includes 3-day event; usable onset lead can be only 0–2 days." }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "200000", "currency": "CHF", "usd": "227066.30", "kind": "budget", "scope": "", "year": "2024" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Protocol back-test notes Mandalay rule would miss the severe 2010 heat event; humidity relevance under review.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Outdoor workers/poor settlements targeted.", "women": "Pregnant women targeted.", "older_people": "Homes/households targeted.", "disabled_people": "Care homes/households targeted.", "migrants": "Migrant-worker exposure recognized; legal enrolment rules not verified." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Design, not verified activation or outcome." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Myanmar Red Cross Society", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.anticipation-hub.org/Documents/EAPs/sEAP_Myanmar_Heatwave_2024.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260210120446/https://www.anticipation-hub.org/Documents/EAPs/sEAP_Myanmar_Heatwave_2024.pdf" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "pk_2020", "n": "Start Network Karachi heat DRF, 2020", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast maximum/minimum temperature; evolving heat-index model", "threshold": "Exact signed 2020 threshold not verified; predicted event temperatures are not contractual thresholds.", "kind": "forecast", "data": "Forecast model checked against Pakistan Meteorological Department", "window": "Forecast May 20 for May 26–27; KAP describes ten-day project lead" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "May 2020; chronology varies across sources", "amount": "36000", "currency": "GBP", "usd": "46184.40", "kind": "disbursement", "recipients": "ACF/HANDS implementers", "days": "", "channel": "NGO project funding", "status": "disbursed", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/disaster-risk-financing-pakistan", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250217122607/https://startnetwork.org/disaster-risk-financing-pakistan" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Operator identifies false positive: observed temperatures fell below model thresholds; seasonal prevention continued.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Historical funding release and false positive documented." }, { "status": "measured", "text": "Operator KAP survey; see effect record." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Start Network/WHH with HANDS and Action Against Hunger", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/disaster-risk-financing-pakistan", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250217122607/https://startnetwork.org/disaster-risk-financing-pakistan" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20210104/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250501094009/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20210104/" }, { "label": "measured", "url": "https://heathealth.info/wp-content/uploads/Knowledge__attitude_and_practice_around_heatwaves_in_Karachi__following_a_forecast-based_heatwave_messaging_project..pdf", "archive": "" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "pk_rp2", "n": "Start Ready Pakistan heat, risk pool 2", "inst": "ngo_pool", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast daily mean temperature", "threshold": "Above city-specific 2-year return threshold for ≥2 consecutive days; numeric values not disclosed in summary", "kind": "forecast", "data": "", "window": "" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "May 2023; exact transfer dates not verified", "amount": "240000", "currency": "GBP", "usd": "298560.00", "kind": "disbursement", "recipients": "Implementing NGOs; recipient count not reconciled", "days": "", "channel": "NGO-delivered services", "status": "disbursed", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Start%20ready%20risk%20pool%202%20-%20Final.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250517103536/https://startnetwork.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Start%20ready%20risk%20pool%202%20-%20Final.pdf" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "Start Ready basis-risk funding exists at pool level; individual entitlement not established.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Direct reach conflicts internally: 38,184 on timeline versus 42,891 in narrative; neither treated as reconciled unique recipients." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Start Network and NGO members", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Start%20ready%20risk%20pool%202%20-%20Final.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250517103536/https://startnetwork.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Start%20ready%20risk%20pool%202%20-%20Final.pdf" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "pk_rp5", "n": "Start Ready Pakistan heat, risk pool 5", "inst": "ngo_pool", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast heat; current programme page describes NOAA GFS-derived HI", "threshold": "RP5 signed threshold not verified; do not import RP2 or practitioner anomaly rule", "kind": "forecast", "data": "NOAA GFS per programme page, exact RP5 version unverified", "window": "" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "Pool-level basis-risk mechanism; RP5 decision/available balance not verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Vendor/worker interventions documented in PDM.", "women": "Access reviewed; see effect record.", "older_people": "Access reviewed jointly with disability.", "disabled_people": "Access reviewed.", "migrants": "Eligibility and documentation requirements not verified." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Dashboard reach/amount fields not sufficiently reconciled for numeric ledger inclusion." }, { "status": "evaluated", "text": "CDF-commissioned external PDM is limited to Jacobabad services, not whole RP5." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Start Network; CDF, HANDS, Muslim Hands; NDO partner", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/funds/start-ready/activations/act-00000167", "archive": "" }, { "label": "evaluated", "url": "https://py.org.pk/publication/pdm-heatwave-jacobabad-2026", "archive": "" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "rain_heat", "n": "RAIN Nepal heat SOP pilot, 2025", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "region": "sa", "status": "pilot", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast maximum air temperature, locally adapted pilot thresholds", "threshold": "Gaur 38.5°C; Jaleshwor 38.05°C; Siraha 36.5°C (slide table visually checked). Duration/probability rule not disclosed.", "kind": "action", "data": "DHM forecasts; June 6 forecast review", "window": "Decision/preparations June 6; deployment from June 8 for June 8–11 heat spell" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Outdoor workers/landless settlements prioritized.", "women": "Female health volunteers; pregnant/lactating households.", "older_people": "Outreach targeted.", "disabled_people": "Outreach targeted.", "migrants": "Explicit access rules not verified." }, "protection": "Its documents describe a way for people to ask a question or raise a concern. We could not yet see how that works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "test", "text": "Internal pilot/SOP and learning; automatic finance-release rule not verified." }, { "status": "reported", "text": "Operator reports outreach and water delivery; counts differ between article and slides, not summed." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "People in Need-led RAIN consortium; DanChurchAid co-lead", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "reported", "url": "https://nepal.peopleinneed.net/en/from-forecast-to-early-action-how-the-rain-programme-acted-on-rising-heat-13033gp", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260307184339/https://nepal.peopleinneed.net/en/from-forecast-to-early-action-how-the-rain-programme-acted-on-rising-heat-13033gp" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "bf_heat", "n": "Burkinabe Red Cross Ouagadougou heat sEAP", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Burkina Faso" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast daytime maximum air temperature", "threshold": "At least 42.4°C for ≥3 consecutive days", "kind": "forecast", "data": "ANAM daily/weekly forecasts", "window": "4-day forecast lead" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "219935", "currency": "CHF", "usd": "249699.14", "kind": "budget", "scope": "", "year": "2024" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: daytime-only funding rule misses some hot-night or humid-heat harm. Protocol identifies nighttime heat but simplified plan covers daytime events.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Poor/undeveloped neighbourhoods targeted.", "women": "Pregnant/lactating people and girls included.", "older_people": "Targeted.", "disabled_people": "Special-needs targeting; access audit not verified.", "migrants": "Not specified in reviewed protocol." }, "protection": "Its documents describe a way for people to ask a question or raise a concern. We could not yet see how that works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Existence and design documented; not evidence of health effects." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Burkinabe Red Cross", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=840522", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250529084028/https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=840522" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "gr_heat", "n": "Hellenic Red Cross extreme-heat sEAP activation", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Greece" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "NOA heat-overload danger category", "threshold": "Danger Level 4; underlying numerical formula not disclosed in activation notice", "kind": "forecast", "data": "National Observatory of Athens", "window": "Notice states 5 days; predicted June 12–13 heat" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "63900", "currency": "CHF", "usd": "72547.68", "kind": "budget", "scope": "", "year": "2024" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "Wellness checks.", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "Status/ID rules not verified; homeless outreach documented." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Activation verified; target of 2,000 is not counted as people actually served." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Hellenic Red Cross", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=839271", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261031152706/https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=839271" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "kg_heat", "n": "Kyrgyz Red Crescent heat EAP activation, 2025", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Kyrgyzstan" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Explicit heat forecast/action design.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast air temperature; 85th-percentile thresholds", "threshold": "Jalal-Abad 40°C; Kara-Suu 38°C; Razzakov 35°C; Markaz 39°C", "kind": "forecast", "data": "Kyrgyzhydromet", "window": "Header says 4 days, body says 5 days; duration rule not verified" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "242649", "currency": "CHF", "usd": "292172.19", "kind": "budget", "scope": "", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Approx. 15,000 is a target, not measured reach." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Red Crescent Society of Kyrgyzstan", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.anticipation-hub.org/Documents/EAPs/EAP_activation_Kyrgyzstan_heatwave2025.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250917152849/https://www.anticipation-hub.org/Documents/EAPs/EAP_activation_Kyrgyzstan_heatwave2025.pdf" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "iraq_heat", "n": "Iraq WFP-supported localized heat-trigger development", "inst": "forecast_grant", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Iraq" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "unclear", "heatWhy": "Heat explicitly included in 2024 outlook for trigger development; no operational heat finance activation verified.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Proposed heatwave-day temperature", "threshold": "2024 outlook mentions >48°C as example to localize; not a verified adopted release trigger", "kind": "forecast", "data": "National/agrometeorological stations under development", "window": "" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "concept", "text": "Heat-specific forecast finance is a development lead, not verified issued finance." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "2025 report documents national institutionalization but does not establish heat funding." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Iraqi ministries with WFP/UNDP", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000166065/download/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251214135917/https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000166065/download/" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000173712/download/", "archive": "" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "np_cerf_flood", "n": "Nepal CERF flood framework: direct delivery model for heat", "inst": "un_collective", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Nepal" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "Flood only; included as direct model for staged readiness, multi-sector actions and local delivery.", "covered": "Pre-agreed assistance; no individual insurance contract.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast river discharge plus national flood warning", "threshold": "Readiness: GloFAS 7-day probability ≥70% of 6,300 m³/s; action: DHM warning plus 3-day ≥70% exceedance OR government Danger Level. Basin-specific applicability would ideally be checked in current framework.", "kind": "forecast", "data": "GloFAS and DHM", "window": "7-day readiness; 3-day action" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Grant finance; people do not purchase insurance under this arrangement.", "basis": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "fallback": "No guaranteed individual fallback verified; emergency response remains a separate decision.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "UNICEF's published design is not evidence of a heat activation or recipient receipt." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "UN RC/HCT agencies with government/UNICEF and partners", "role": "aggregator" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.unicef.org/nepal/central-emergency-response-fund-anticipatory-action", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240515010826/https://www.unicef.org/nepal/central-emergency-response-fund-anticipatory-action" } ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "in-rural-current", "n": "India rural employment guarantee: VB–G RAM G transition from MGNREGA", "inst": "employment-guarantee", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Official May 2026 FAQ states MGNREGA repeal and successor commencement on 1 July 2026. Worksite water, shade and first-aid provisions are relevant to heat; automatic heat-stop wage replacement not established.", "covered": "Eligible rural households volunteering for unskilled manual work", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative or clinical eligibility; not a weather-index payout", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "action", "data": "Programme records and supporting documents", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Public employment budgets; no retail premium.", "basis": "Task/attendance and work-demand eligibility can leave heat-related work cessation uncompensated; this is an inferred eligibility mismatch, not insurance basis risk.", "fallback": "Ordinary unemployment allowance when legally due for unmet work demand; it is not verified as automatic compensation for a heat stop.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Rural informal workers can qualify through household work demand; not a universal urban income benefit.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Current transition, job-card and place-of-work portability require state verification." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Official May 2026 FAQ states MGNREGA repeal and successor commencement on 1 July 2026. Worksite water, shade and first-aid provisions are relevant to heat; automatic heat-stop wage replacement not established." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Ministry of Rural Development and state governments", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?ModuleId=4&NoteId=158511&lang=1®=3", "archive": "" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?ModuleId=3&NoteId=158510&id=158510&lang=1®=24", "archive": "" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "in-rajasthan-urban", "n": "Rajasthan urban employment guarantee heat work arrangements", "inst": "employment-guarantee", "layer": "social", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Official order catalogue lists April 2026 and April 2025 changes to working time and arrangements for heat/loo. It verifies an adaptation order, not its complete wage terms.", "covered": "Eligible participants in the urban employment scheme", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative or clinical eligibility; not a weather-index payout", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "action", "data": "Programme records and supporting documents", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "State/local scheme budgets; no retail premium.", "basis": "Safer hours may not preserve earnings if task rates or attendance requirements remain unchanged; inference pending full order.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Urban work-seekers subject to scheme eligibility; complete current eligibility not reviewed.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Portability and eligibility not verified; do not infer automatic access" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Official order catalogue lists April 2026 and April 2025 changes to working time and arrangements for heat/loo. It verifies an adaptation order, not its complete wage terms." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Rajasthan Department of Local Self Government / urban local bodies", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [], "module": 5 }, { "id": "in-esi", "n": "Employees’ State Insurance sickness benefit for heat-related absence", "inst": "sickness-and-injury-benefit", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "July 2024 parliamentary answer explicitly confirms sickness benefit when heatwave-related absence is medically certified and contribution conditions are fulfilled. November 2025 labour-code commencement changes the legal context.", "covered": "Insured workers satisfying applicable eligibility and contribution conditions", "trigger": { "metric": "Certified inability to work due to illness associated with heat", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "Authorized medical certification and insurance contribution records", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Contributory social insurance; precise current employer/worker rates not verified.", "basis": "Certification and contribution conditions can exclude heat-related income loss without recognized sickness. No weather-index basis risk.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Not all informal, self-employed or platform workers are automatically insured.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Insured migrant workers may qualify under applicable rules; current portability and realized access not verified." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "July 2024 parliamentary answer explicitly confirms sickness benefit when heatwave-related absence is medically certified and contribution conditions are fulfilled. November 2025 labour-code commencement changes the legal context." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Employees’ State Insurance Corporation", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2035277&lang=2®=48", "archive": "" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2192463&lang=1®=3", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260213213241/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2192463®=3&lang=1" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "in-pmjay", "n": "Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY heatstroke hospitalization cover", "inst": "publicly-financed-health-cover", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Assam official package catalogue includes heatstroke MG067/MG067A. This supports a treatment pathway, not automatic cash for hot weather or every outpatient heat illness.", "covered": "Eligible beneficiaries receiving covered care at empanelled hospitals", "trigger": { "metric": "Clinical heatstroke and covered hospitalization / package eligibility", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "Clinical records, beneficiary verification and hospital authorization", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "500000", "currency": "INR", "usd": "5737.45", "kind": "limit", "scope": "", "year": "2025" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government-financed health assurance/insurance arrangements; no separate beneficiary heat premium verified.", "basis": "Harm without eligible admission, accepted diagnosis or empanelled access may receive no payment. It does not replace lost earnings.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Occupation alone does not confer entitlement; many low-income informal households can qualify through scheme eligibility.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Separate expansion for people aged 70 and above is documented; registration and hospital rules still apply.", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "National portability supports eligible beneficiaries at empanelled hospitals; portability does not confer new eligibility." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Assam official package catalogue includes heatstroke MG067/MG067A. This supports a treatment pathway, not automatic cash for hot weather or every outpatient heat illness." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "National Health Authority and state health agencies", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2110780&lang=2®=3", "archive": "" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://nha.gov.in/img/resources/Adhikar-Patra.pdf", "archive": "" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "pk-bisp", "n": "BISP heat-responsive payment-collection arrangements", "inst": "cash-transfer-delivery-adaptation", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Pakistan" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Operator announcement reported a move from campsites to designated retail collection points from June 16, 2025 to reduce heat exposure. This changes delivery, not the entitlement amount.", "covered": "Existing eligible BISP beneficiaries", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative decision in response to heat conditions", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "action", "data": "Administrative payment and biometric verification records", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Public cash-transfer budget; no beneficiary insurance premium.", "basis": "Biometric, cash-availability or network barriers can prevent access after authorization. This is an inferred delivery risk; recipient failure rates were not measured in the reviewed announcement.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Household programme eligibility rather than formal employment contribution; not every informal household qualifies.", "women": "Programme serves eligible women beneficiaries; heat-specific payment-completion and fairness measures not verified.", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "CNIC and programme records required; movement-related access not verified." }, "protection": "Its documents describe a way for people to ask a question or raise a concern. We could not yet see how that works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Operator announcement reported a move from campsites to designated retail collection points from June 16, 2025 to reduce heat exposure. This changes delivery, not the entitlement amount." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Benazir Income Support Programme", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.app.com.pk/national/bisp-to-launch-retail-based-payment-model-from-june-16/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250616065521/https://www.app.com.pk/national/bisp-to-launch-retail-based-payment-model-from-june-16/" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "bd-oaa-candidate", "n": "Bangladesh Old Age Allowance - existing system, no verified heat top-up", "inst": "cash-transfer-delivery-adaptation", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "unclear", "heatWhy": "Government-hosted analysis describes Old Age Allowance and social-protection delivery reform. No automatic heat-related increase or early payment was verified.", "covered": "Eligible older people selected under the allowance programme", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative or clinical eligibility; not a weather-index payout", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "action", "data": "Programme records and supporting documents", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Government social-assistance budget; no retail premium.", "basis": "Existing age, poverty and registration filters do not identify every heat-exposed household; a top-up only reaches those already included unless expanded.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "No formal employment contribution requirement established by this source; actual inclusion requires programme eligibility verification.", "women": "Gendered eligibility and targeting require current rules verification; no heat-specific outcomes established.", "older_people": "Targets older people; does not establish universal coverage of older people.", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Portability and eligibility not verified; do not infer automatic access" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Government-hosted analysis describes Old Age Allowance and social-protection delivery reform. No automatic heat-related increase or early payment was verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Department of Social Services / Ministry of Social Welfare", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://socialprotection.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/From-Strategy-to-Impact-An-Assessment-of-Bangladeshs-Social-Security-Policy-Support-Programme-and-its-Contribution-to-Gender-Inclusive-Development.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250903062314/https://socialprotection.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/From-Strategy-to-Impact-An-Assessment-of-Bangladeshs-Social-Security-Policy-Support-Programme-and-its-Contribution-to-Gender-Inclusive-Development.pdf" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "ph-ecp", "n": "Philippines Employees’ Compensation Programme heat-related illness", "inst": "sickness-and-injury-benefit", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Philippines" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Primary archived rules recognize heatstroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion associated with excessive heat/humidity. October 2026 DOLE indexed guidance clarifies work-related illness compensation; advisory text and transactions not fully inspected.", "covered": "Covered workers whose disease is occupationally compensable; self-employed coverage subject to membership rules", "trigger": { "metric": "Compensable occupational disease and causal exposure evidence", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "Medical/work-exposure records; PAGASA information can support evidence, not itself authorize payment.", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Employment compensation/social insurance financing; self-employed contributions subject to applicable rules. Current rates not verified.", "basis": "Work attribution, registration and documentation may leave other heat harms or uncompensated rest outside cover.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Self-employed SSS members can be covered subject to rules; this does not cover all informal workers automatically.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Migrant/overseas and domestic-worker applicability depends on current registration rules; heat-specific claim access not verified." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Primary archived rules recognize heatstroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion associated with excessive heat/humidity. October 2026 DOLE indexed guidance clarifies work-related illness compensation; advisory text and transactions not fully inspected." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." }, { "status": "reported", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Employees’ Compensation Commission with SSS / GSIS", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/11/48368", "archive": "" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://dole.gov.ph/news/dole-issues-guidelines-on-heat-related-illness-compensation-during-el-nino/", "archive": "" }, { "label": "reported", "url": "https://ecc.gov.ph/self-employed-sss-members-now-covered-under-the-ec-program/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250719173018/https://ecc.gov.ph/self-employed-sss-members-now-covered-under-the-ec-program/" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "dz-weather-wages", "n": "Algeria CACOBATPH weather-related wage replacement including extreme heat", "inst": "heat-work-stoppage-income", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Algeria" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "ILO’s 2024–26 report identifies extreme heat among covered weather events and workers’/employers’ contributions financing wage replacement.", "covered": "Covered construction-sector workers under the weather-related lay-off arrangement", "trigger": { "metric": "Qualifying weather-related interruption of covered work", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "Programme records and supporting documents", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Worker and employer social-insurance contributions; current rates not fully verified.", "basis": "Sector, insured-employment and interruption criteria may exclude informal workers and earnings losses short of a recognized stop.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Registration/covered employment required; universal informal-worker coverage not established.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Migrant eligibility and actual access not verified." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "ILO’s 2024–26 report identifies extreme heat among covered weather events and workers’/employers’ contributions financing wage replacement." }, { "status": "reported", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "CACOBATPH", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/reports/flagship/world_social_protection_report_2024-26/Chapter%2002.html", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261010064629/https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/reports/flagship/world_social_protection_report_2024-26/Chapter%2002.html" }, { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.cacobatph.dz/le-chomage-intemperies/?lang=fr", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260516025101/https://www.cacobatph.dz/le-chomage-intemperies/?lang=fr" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "it-cigo", "n": "Italy wage supplementation for excessive heat", "inst": "heat-work-stoppage-income", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Italy" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "INPS July 2025 guidance addresses excessive heat, including perceived temperature and authority-ordered stoppages. The weather test supports an application; it is not automatic parametric payment.", "covered": "Employees and employers qualifying under CIGO / relevant fund rules", "trigger": { "metric": "Excessive actual/perceived heat or qualifying authority-ordered suspension", "threshold": "Generally temperatures above 35°C; perceived heat and work circumstances considered. Not a universal automatic threshold.", "kind": "payout", "data": "Weather and workplace/application evidence reviewed by INPS/fund", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Social-insurance/fund financing; employer may advance benefit. Programme-specific contribution and surcharge rates not verified.", "basis": "Covered-employment, employer-application and approval requirements exclude some exposed people; workplace heat can differ from standard weather observations.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Unregistered and uncovered self-employed work not automatically reached.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Covered employment is relevant; detailed migrant conditions and outcomes not verified." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "INPS July 2025 guidance addresses excessive heat, including perceived temperature and authority-ordered stoppages. The weather test supports an application; it is not automatic parametric payment." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "INPS and applicable wage-integration funds", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.inps.it/it/it/inps-comunica/notizie/dettaglio-news-page.news.2025.07.integrazione-salariale-per-eccesso-di-caldo-indicazioni-dell-inps.html", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260209044822/https://www.inps.it/it/it/inps-comunica/notizie/dettaglio-news-page.news.2025.07.integrazione-salariale-per-eccesso-di-caldo-indicazioni-dell-inps.html" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.cliclavoro.gov.it/tutele-e-sostegno-al-reddito/trattamenti-di-sostegno-al-reddito/cassa-integrazione-guadagni-ordinari", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260511142856/https://www.cliclavoro.gov.it/tutele-e-sostegno-al-reddito/trattamenti-di-sostegno-al-reddito/cassa-integrazione-guadagni-ordinari" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "sg-wica", "n": "Singapore work injury compensation for work-related heat illness", "inst": "sickness-and-injury-benefit", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Singapore" ], "region": "sea", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "MOM heat-stress FAQ links occupational heat illness to reporting/compensation. WICA covers local and foreign employees under contracts of service, with stated exclusions.", "covered": "Covered employees with work-related injury or disease", "trigger": { "metric": "Work-related illness with medical certification / compensable incapacity", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "payout", "data": "Clinical and work-exposure evidence", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Employer compensation liability and employer insurance where applicable; no worker retail heat premium.", "basis": "Illness attribution and employment status can exclude heat-related harm; preventive rest without illness is not automatically compensated by WICA.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Self-employed/independent contractors and domestic workers excluded from ordinary WICA; other frameworks not presumed.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Coverage does not depend on age, subject to covered employment.", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Foreign employees covered under contracts of service; claims can remain eligible after employment ends or work pass cancellation." }, "protection": "Its documents describe a way for people to ask a question or raise a concern. We could not yet see how that works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "MOM heat-stress FAQ links occupational heat illness to reporting/compensation. WICA covers local and foreign employees under contracts of service, with stated exclusions." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." }, { "status": "guidance", "text": "Supports legal context, delivery, eligibility or benefit formula; see source register." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Ministry of Manpower / employers and work injury insurers", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/heat-stress-measures-for-outdoor-work/faqs-on-heat-stress-measures-for-outdoor-work", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260412002203/https://www.mom.gov.sg/heat-stress-measures-for-outdoor-work/faqs-on-heat-stress-measures-for-outdoor-work" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/workplace-safety-and-health/work-injury-compensation/who-is-covered", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260517183328/https://www.mom.gov.sg/workplace-safety-and-health/work-injury-compensation/who-is-covered" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/workplace-safety-and-health/work-injury-compensation/types-of-compensation", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260709054603/https://www.mom.gov.sg/workplace-safety-and-health/work-injury-compensation/types-of-compensation" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "kr-energy-voucher", "n": "Republic of Korea summer Energy Voucher", "inst": "seasonal-utility-relief", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Republic of Korea" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "active", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "Official 2026 programme provides summer electricity bill deduction during July 1–September 30. Seasonal cooling support; no forecast-triggered top-up verified.", "covered": "Households satisfying both specified income-benefit and household-characteristic criteria", "trigger": { "metric": "Eligibility plus summer benefit calendar", "threshold": "Administrative household eligibility; no automatic temperature threshold verified", "kind": "action", "data": "Programme records and supporting documents", "window": "July 1–September 30, 2026 summer benefit period" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Public energy-welfare financing; no retail premium.", "basis": "Cooling need may exceed benefit; households outside eligibility or without usable electricity billing may not benefit. Last point is inference.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Income/household eligibility rather than formal employment; not universal.", "women": "Pregnancy and specified family characteristics recognized, subject to income and other conditions.", "older_people": "Older-person households are among eligible household-characteristic groups, with income conditions.", "disabled_people": "Disability is an eligible household characteristic, subject to other conditions.", "migrants": "Residence/registration and foreign-national eligibility not verified." }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "Official 2026 programme provides summer electricity bill deduction during July 1–September 30. Seasonal cooling support; no forecast-triggered top-up verified." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Korea Energy Agency and responsible public authorities", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.energy.or.kr/front/conts/105001004002000.do", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260413233943/https://www.energy.or.kr/front/conts/105001004002000.do" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "th-2023-bill-proposal", "n": "Thailand 2023 hot-season electricity discount proposal", "inst": "seasonal-utility-relief", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Thailand" ], "region": "sea", "status": "ended", "heat": "partly", "heatWhy": "April 2023 government account explicitly links proposed bill relief to hot-season consumption. Cabinet sought Election Commission spending approval; this source does not establish completed credits.", "covered": "Residential customers in specified consumption bands in the proposal", "trigger": { "metric": "Administrative approval and household monthly electricity use", "threshold": "≤300 kWh/month proposed recurring discounts; 301–500 kWh proposed one-time May bill credit", "kind": "action", "data": "Programme records and supporting documents", "window": "Proposed May–August 2023; one-time credit for the higher band in May" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": { "amount": "11112000000", "currency": "THB", "usd": "319456303.31", "kind": "budget", "scope": "", "year": "2023" }, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Proposed public subsidy; not an insurance premium.", "basis": "Consumption bands do not measure household vulnerability or individual heat exposure; disconnected users and tenants may not receive direct relief (inference).", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Employment status not the stated test; billing arrangements and household eligibility matter.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Portability and eligibility not verified; do not infer automatic access" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "April 2023 government account explicitly links proposed bill relief to hot-season consumption. Cabinet sought Election Commission spending approval; this source does not establish completed credits." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Cabinet / relevant electricity and budget authorities", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://thailand.prd.go.th/en/content/category/detail/id/48/iid/177054", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230426150649/http://thailand.prd.go.th/en/content/category/detail/id/48/iid/177054" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "fj-anticipatory-sp-model", "n": "Fiji anticipatory cash through national social-protection infrastructure", "inst": "forecast-linked-cash", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "countries": [ "Fiji" ], "region": "elsewhere", "status": "unclear", "heat": "no", "heatWhy": "WFP’s 2024 case study describes planned anticipatory cash delivered through national social-protection infrastructure. Non-heat direct model for reusing an existing system, not evidence of a heat benefit.", "covered": "Social-protection delivery infrastructure used in anticipatory-cash design", "trigger": { "metric": "Non-heat anticipatory trigger; numerical rule not verified in reviewed landing page", "threshold": "No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "kind": "forecast", "data": "Programme records and supporting documents", "window": "Subject to benefit period and programme rules" }, "paid": "unknown", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Pre-arranged programme/partner financing; detailed funding split not verified.", "basis": "Registry exclusions and forecast miss/false alarm remain possible; heat transfer would require a separately calibrated trigger.", "fallback": "No heat-specific fallback payment verified; ordinary eligibility and grievance routes do not guarantee emergency cash.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Depends on underlying assistance eligibility; neither universal inclusion nor heat reach established.", "women": "Eligible subject to underlying programme rules; heat-specific take-up and outcomes not verified", "older_people": "Programme-specific eligibility applies; heat-specific reach not verified", "disabled_people": "Programme-specific eligibility and access conditions apply; heat-specific reach not verified", "migrants": "Portability and eligibility not verified; do not infer automatic access" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "guidance", "text": "WFP’s 2024 case study describes planned anticipatory cash delivered through national social-protection infrastructure. Non-heat direct model for reusing an existing system, not evidence of a heat benefit." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Government of Fiji with WFP", "role": "government" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.wfp.org/publications/2024-supercharging-social-protection-systems-anticipatory-cash-case-study-fijis", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260214182755/https://www.wfp.org/publications/2024-supercharging-social-protection-systems-anticipatory-cash-case-study-fijis" } ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "in-sewa-2024", "n": "SEWA heat-insurance and separate cash support, 2024 policy cohort", "inst": "heat-index-insurance", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "India" ], "region": "sa", "status": "ended", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Temperature and consecutive-day insurance trigger; separate lower-threshold cash layer.", "covered": "2024 cohort of informal women workers; programme continuation is distinct from this ended policy period.", "trigger": { "metric": "District-specific temperature; exact physical variable/processing not established by public summary", "threshold": "41.6–46.1°C depending on district, for two consecutive days", "kind": "payout", "data": "Satellite data described; exact named product/version not verified", "window": "2024 policy cohort" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2024; exact recipient date not verified", "amount": "400", "currency": "INR", "usd": "4.78", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "Reported all 50,000 participants; not an independently verified receipt ledger", "days": "not verified for this cash layer", "channel": "Bank account", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260524065149/https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [ { "year": "2024", "number": "50000", "unit": "covered women, reported cohort" } ], "premiumBy": "Member and supporting organisations; exact cohort split not verified.", "basis": "Inference: district index can miss humid, radiant, indoor or personal harm; crossing an app temperature does not establish a contracted trigger.", "fallback": "Separate small cash layer documented; not a guarantee that every non-triggered loss was covered.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Explicit target group", "women": "Explicit target group", "older_people": "Eligibility/claims by age not verified", "disabled_people": "Accessible enrolment and claims not verified", "migrants": "Coverage/portability not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Operational case study; not causal effect evidence." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "SEWA", "role": "aggregator" }, { "n": "ICICI Lombard", "role": "insurer" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260524065149/https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/policy-wordings-product-brochure/weather-policy-wordings.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261031153024/https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/policy-wordings-product-brochure/weather-policy-wordings.pdf" }, { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/" } ], "module": 6 }, { "id": "bd-dhaka-eap", "n": "Dhaka heatwave Early Action Protocol", "inst": "forecast-heat-assistance", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "region": "sa", "status": "active", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Joint temperature/heat-index forecast thresholds activate pre-agreed early action.", "covered": "Selected heat-vulnerable households and exposed groups; warnings, services and cash targets differ.", "trigger": { "metric": "Forecast air temperature and heat index, both in °C-equivalent units as specified", "threshold": "Temperature at least 38°C and heat index at least 38 for at least two consecutive days", "kind": "action", "data": "Readiness: ECMWF and/or GFS; activation: BMD and either ECMWF or GFS", "window": "Readiness lead 5–7 days; activation lead 2–3 days" }, "paid": "activated", "payouts": [], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Humanitarian pre-arranged finance; no beneficiary insurance premium", "basis": "Inference: forecast or ward selection can miss harm; the joint air-temperature condition can miss harmful humid conditions below it.", "fallback": "Readiness and action stages; no universal indemnity or automatic fallback cash for every forecast miss verified.", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "Exposed outdoor workers are a target group", "women": "Prioritization applies; sex-specific cash receipt not verified", "older_people": "Vulnerable older people recognized; complete reach not established", "disabled_people": "Vulnerability and accessibility require recipient-level verification", "migrants": "Registration and temporary-resident access not fully verified" }, "protection": "Its documents describe a way for people to ask a question or raise a concern. We could not yet see how that works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Approved protocol and first activation; not a counterfactual impact evaluation." }, { "status": "reported", "text": "First activation reported 21 April 2024." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Bangladesh Red Crescent Society", "role": "distributor" }, { "n": "IFRC", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://bdrcs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Heat-Wave-Feasibility-Study-Final-publish-version-07-September-2021.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250109112012/https://bdrcs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Heat-Wave-Feasibility-Study-Final-publish-version-07-September-2021.pdf" }, { "label": "Source", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=724054", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260902010857/https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=724054" }, { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.anticipation-hub.org/news/the-bangladesh-red-crescent-society-activates-its-early-action-protocol-for-heatwaves-in-dhaka", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260612235533/https://www.anticipation-hub.org/news/the-bangladesh-red-crescent-society-activates-its-early-action-protocol-for-heatwaves-in-dhaka" } ], "module": 6 }, { "id": "green_delta_heat", "n": "Green Delta livestock heat-index pilot", "inst": "parametric_heat", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "countries": [ "Bangladesh" ], "region": "sa", "status": "unclear", "heat": "yes", "heatWhy": "Livestock heat-related production and income risk; introduced in 2024, settlement reported in 2025.", "covered": "Livestock heat-related production and income risk; introduced in 2024, settlement reported in 2025.", "trigger": { "metric": "Heat index; contractual formula not verified", "threshold": "", "kind": "payout", "data": "", "window": "" }, "paid": "paid", "payouts": [ { "date": "2025-08-21 first settlement reported", "amount": "", "currency": "", "usd": "", "kind": "payout", "recipients": "About 500 farmers, operator-reported", "days": "", "channel": "", "status": "paid", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://green-delta.com/heat-index-livestock-insurance-protecting-bangladeshs-livestock-farmers/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260618175851/https://green-delta.com/heat-index-livestock-insurance-protecting-bangladeshs-livestock-farmers/" } } ], "size": null, "enrol": [], "premiumBy": "Not verified; SCBF support does not establish premium payer.", "basis": "Inferred: area-level weather can differ from individual heat exposure or livelihood loss.", "fallback": "", "inclusion": { "informal_workers": "not verified", "women": "Sex-disaggregated enrolment and payment records not verified", "older_people": "not verified", "disabled_people": "not verified", "migrants": "not verified" }, "protection": "We could not yet see its full wording, or how people can ask a question or raise a concern. This reflects what was published, not how it works in practice.", "evidence": [ { "status": "reported", "text": "Operational report; not an independent causal evaluation." } ], "providers": [ { "n": "Green Delta Insurance", "role": "insurer" }, { "n": "IBISA", "role": "technical" }, { "n": "SCBF", "role": "funder" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Source", "url": "https://green-delta.com/heat-index-livestock-insurance-protecting-bangladeshs-livestock-farmers/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260618175851/https://green-delta.com/heat-index-livestock-insurance-protecting-bangladeshs-livestock-farmers/" } ], "module": 7 } ], "instruments": [ { "id": "parametric_heat_micro", "n": "Parametric heat insurance - people", "def": "An insurer pays an agreed benefit when a specified heat index crosses the policy threshold, without assessing each person's actual income loss.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "pays": "Member, employer or sponsor; identify separately by policy year.", "gets": "Insured person or a named beneficiary through the contracted channel.", "speed": "Index calculation avoids individual loss adjustment; days-to-cash is not verified for the example.", "good": "Can insure income disruption without damaged property.", "limits": "Thresholds, caps and bank access can leave serious needs unfunded.", "basis": "Location, metric and threshold may miss individual harm; payout can also exceed personal loss.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "SEWA establishes access for informal women members, not universal eligibility for poor households.", "loops": [ "poverty", "debt", "protection" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "parametric_heat_meso", "n": "Parametric heat insurance - employers and organisations", "def": "A business or intermediary buys heat-triggered cover for its own costs or a specified group.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "pays": "Employer, association or sponsor; contract-specific.", "gets": "Organisation or covered workers; these are different arrangements.", "speed": "Potentially fast after index confirmation; published launch is not proof of payment speed.", "good": "Aggregates buyers and may simplify enrolment.", "limits": "Employer receipt alone does not prove worker benefit; limited benefit can be mistaken for full wage replacement.", "basis": "Regional weather data may miss worksite exposure.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Employer distribution can reach enrolled workers; informal, subcontracted and migrant access is not established.", "loops": [ "poverty", "squeeze", "protection" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "parametric_heat_macro", "n": "Parametric heat insurance - sovereign design", "def": "A government transfers a defined heat-related fiscal risk using an agreed index.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "pays": "Government and/or premium-support funder.", "gets": "Treasury or designated public agency, then services or households.", "speed": "Design-dependent; no verified sovereign heat payout benchmark in this review.", "good": "Could fund health or income response without asset destruction.", "limits": "No issued sovereign heat policy was verified here; do not present the category as an operating scheme.", "basis": "Fiscal spending and population harm may not track one temperature index.", "poorest": "unclear", "poorestWhy": "Requires targeting and delivery systems beyond sovereign receipt.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection", "clinic" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "indemnity_business", "n": "Heat-related business interruption indemnity", "def": "Pays eligible, evidenced business losses under the actual policy wording; heat is covered only if its cause and loss meet that wording.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "meso", "pays": "Business or its sponsor.", "gets": "Insured business.", "speed": "After evidence and adjustment; no heat-specific observed timing verified.", "good": "Can reflect actual insured financial loss.", "limits": "Ordinary business interruption may require insured physical damage; heat alone would ideally not be assumed covered.", "basis": "Coverage and loss-definition mismatch rather than weather-index basis risk.", "poorest": "unclear", "poorestWhy": "Small informal firms may lack accounts, contracts or insurable cover; local evidence is needed.", "loops": [ "squeeze", "protection" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "indemnity_crop", "n": "Crop yield-loss indemnity / area-yield cover", "def": "Compensates eligible yield shortfall under notified crop and area rules. An area-yield contract uses average area yield, not each farm's loss.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "pays": "Farmer plus public subsidy where applicable.", "gets": "Eligible insured farmer.", "speed": "Dependent on crop-cutting/yield data and settlement; seasonal timing may miss immediate heat needs.", "good": "Connects finance to production loss.", "limits": "PMFBY is included as a direct yield-loss design model; specific heat eligibility is not verified by the source's named-peril list.", "basis": "Area-yield averages can miss a particular farm's loss; heat cause may be disputed.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Documentation, crop/area notification and enrolment determine access; landless workers do not gain wage cover.", "loops": [ "farmdebt", "poverty" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "indemnity_livestock", "n": "Livestock death or loss indemnity", "def": "Reimburses the eligible insured loss of livestock, after veterinary and policy checks.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "pays": "Farmer, cooperative or subsidy sponsor.", "gets": "Insured livestock owner.", "speed": "Requires loss evidence; no heat-specific settlement benchmark verified.", "good": "Can match an eligible animal loss.", "limits": "Heat death, reduced milk yield and disease are distinct coverages; no primary heat indemnity wording verified here.", "basis": "No index basis risk in individual loss adjustment; substantial coverage and valuation risk.", "poorest": "unclear", "poorestWhy": "Eligibility and premium support need contract review.", "loops": [ "farmdebt", "poverty" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "indemnity_health", "n": "Health expense indemnity and employment-injury protection", "def": "Health indemnity reimburses eligible expenses; employment-injury systems provide specified medical or earnings benefits where heat illness qualifies.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "pays": "Household, employer, social contributions or public funds.", "gets": "Patient, provider or eligible worker, depending on benefit.", "speed": "Cashless care and reimbursement have different timing; no generic heat benchmark.", "good": "Responds to diagnosed illness rather than an outdoor temperature alone.", "limits": "Not all health-related insurance is indemnity: the Japanese example is a fixed clinical-event benefit.", "basis": "No weather-index mismatch; diagnosis, access and eligibility can still exclude heat harm.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Access depends on coverage and care availability; informal workers need explicit inclusion.", "loops": [ "debt", "poverty", "clinic" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "clinical_fixed_benefit", "n": "Fixed benefit for a heat-related clinical event", "def": "Pays a set amount for a covered medical event such as qualifying heatstroke treatment; it is neither weather-parametric nor expense indemnity.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "pays": "Policy buyer.", "gets": "Covered patient.", "speed": "After clinical documentation; observed settlement time not verified.", "good": "Concrete heat-specific health trigger.", "limits": "Cannot finance prevention before illness; clinical access shapes who can claim.", "basis": "No weather basis risk; harm without the specified clinical event can go unpaid.", "poorest": "unclear", "poorestWhy": "Digital enrolment and access to qualifying treatment may exclude people; no transferability of eligibility assumed.", "loops": [ "debt", "poverty" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "regional_pool", "n": "Regional sovereign insurance pool", "def": "Countries use shared insurance infrastructure and risk capital, often with reinsurance, to finance agreed disaster losses.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "regional", "pays": "Members and/or premium-support partners.", "gets": "Insured government; people receive funds only through a further delivery step.", "speed": "Lao PDR verified sovereign receipt benchmark is in its scheme record; it is not household timing.", "good": "Shares capacity, infrastructure and contingency planning.", "limits": "Diversification may weaken for correlated regional heat; no pool heat payout verified here.", "basis": "Index/impact reporting may miss losses and uncounted people.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Needs an inclusive public spending plan and accessible channels.", "loops": [ "protection", "reactive" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "cat_bond", "n": "Catastrophe bonds and insurance-linked securities", "def": "Investors place capital at risk; an agreed disaster trigger releases some or all protection to the sponsor.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "pays": "Sponsor pays risk-transfer costs; investors receive contractual returns.", "gets": "Sovereign or other sponsor.", "speed": "Calculation and settlement govern receipt; announcement is not proof of receipt.", "good": "Can provide multi-year external risk capital.", "limits": "No heat catastrophe bond verified; deal scale and trigger validation may be barriers.", "basis": "Parametric or modelled-loss trigger may diverge from real loss.", "poorest": "unclear", "poorestWhy": "A bond has no automatic household entitlement.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "contingent_credit", "n": "Contingent disaster credit", "def": "A pre-agreed credit line can be drawn when legal and programme conditions are satisfied.", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "pays": "Government repays principal, interest and applicable fees.", "gets": "Treasury, with onward budget execution.", "speed": "Available after drawdown conditions and request; household transfer timing is separate.", "good": "Pre-arranged liquidity and preparedness incentives.", "limits": "Debt headroom and declarations can constrain use; heat eligibility is contract-specific.", "basis": "No insurance basis risk, but a harmful event may not satisfy drawdown conditions.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Only through funded services or inclusive transfers.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "contingency_budget", "n": "Contingency budgets", "def": "Public spending authority is agreed before a shock so funds can be redirected or released under specified rules.", "layer": "contingent", "level": "meso", "pays": "Tax revenues or budget finance.", "gets": "Authorised departments, suppliers and transfer recipients.", "speed": "Can be quick only if authority, cash and procurement are ready; no universal observed speed.", "good": "Can cover common heat needs without insurance attachment.", "limits": "Other emergencies compete for allocations; no dedicated city heat contingency appropriation verified here.", "basis": "No insurance index basis risk; allocation and targeting errors remain.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Needs explicit entitlement or accessible service provision.", "loops": [ "reactive", "clinic" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "reserve_fund", "n": "Reserves and dedicated disaster funds", "def": "Cash or legally earmarked resources are held for eligible disaster spending; dedicated heat funds require explicit rules.", "layer": "retain", "level": "macro", "pays": "Public revenue, contributions or grants.", "gets": "Eligible implementing agencies and beneficiaries.", "speed": "Depends on release rules, liquidity and procurement; no verified heat-specific service standard.", "good": "Suitable for retained losses and needs that contracts do not cover.", "limits": "Fund existence does not prove heat eligibility or actual cash availability.", "basis": "No insurance basis risk; legal and administrative gaps can block relief.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Eligibility and accessible delivery determine reach.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "aa_humanitarian", "n": "Humanitarian anticipatory action / forecast-based finance", "def": "A forecast meeting agreed conditions releases pre-arranged resources for specified early actions.", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "pays": "Donors and pooled-fund contributors; not necessarily an insurance premium.", "gets": "National society, NGOs, suppliers and selected households.", "speed": "Would ideally fit forecast lead time; action lead time is not verified household cash timing.", "good": "Can finance public-health action without an insured asset.", "limits": "Limited geographic coverage and donor replenishment; forecasts can be wrong.", "basis": "Forecast false positives and missed events; targeting error is distinct.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Bangladesh protocol targets vulnerable urban residents; full eligibility coverage is not established.", "loops": [ "reactive", "poverty", "clinic" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "aa_national", "n": "National anticipatory finance", "def": "A government pre-agrees forecasts, actions and public release authority for acting before expected heat.", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "macro", "pays": "Public budgets or grants.", "gets": "Authorised agencies and people through agreed channels.", "speed": "Forecast-to-action window would ideally exceed delivery time; not verified for a specific national heat treasury facility.", "good": "Could institutionalise action beyond project cycles.", "limits": "National-system design is not established merely because a humanitarian protocol operates nationally.", "basis": "Forecast error plus administrative and targeting risk.", "poorest": "unclear", "poorestWhy": "Requires registries, outreach and provision for unregistered people.", "loops": [ "reactive", "clinic", "poverty" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "shock_social", "n": "Shock-responsive social protection", "def": "An existing benefit system increases payments or temporarily adds eligible people after a pre-agreed shock.", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "pays": "Public budgets, grants and any linked financing.", "gets": "Existing and newly eligible households.", "speed": "Depends on updated registries, enrolment and payment access; drought-system timing is not a heat benchmark.", "good": "Can extend beyond insured workers to non-working vulnerable people.", "limits": "Existing exclusions can expand during a shock; employment-linked transfers may require unsafe work.", "basis": "Index false negatives plus registry and benefit-adequacy errors.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Horizontal expansion can include previously uncovered people only if funded and operational.", "loops": [ "poverty", "debt", "energypoverty", "reactive" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "contributory_wage", "n": "Contributory bad-weather wage replacement", "def": "A social insurance arrangement compensates eligible work stoppages due to dangerous weather, including heat where explicitly covered.", "layer": "social", "level": "meso", "pays": "Employer and worker contributions in the Algerian example.", "gets": "Eligible workers, potentially through employer payroll.", "speed": "Payroll and reimbursement deadlines require current administrator verification.", "good": "Recognises income loss before medical injury.", "limits": "Contributory employment rules may exclude informal and unregistered workers.", "basis": "Eligibility and recognition of a work stoppage can miss actual harm.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Formal-sector protection is verified in ILO guidance; informal inclusion not verified.", "loops": [ "poverty", "debt", "protection" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "premium_support", "n": "Premium support and smart subsidies", "def": "Public or donor money pays part of an insurance premium; design can target affordability while funding transparency and review.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "macro", "pays": "Government or donor; policy buyer may pay the balance.", "gets": "Insurer receives premium; insured receives only eligible benefits.", "speed": "Premium is paid at inception/renewal; this is not a disaster payout.", "good": "Can address affordability and build accessible distribution.", "limits": "Renewal dependency, weak customer value and poorly targeted subsidies are possible; not findings about a named provider.", "basis": "Does not remove basis risk; may subsidise a mismatched trigger.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Would ideally identify who benefits and provide fallback for non-enrollees.", "loops": [ "protection", "poverty" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "heat_outcomes", "n": "Results-based / outcome-linked heat payments", "def": "A funder pays for verified outputs or outcomes under an agreed contract; financing would ideally bridge the time before verification.", "layer": "retain", "level": "meso", "pays": "Outcome funder; an investor may bridge costs but is not necessarily the ultimate payer.", "gets": "Implementer or investor after verification.", "speed": "Generally after verification; not suitable alone for urgent household liquidity.", "good": "Can link payment to service performance.", "limits": "No verified heat-health outcome-payment deal found; energy savings are not proof of lives saved.", "basis": "Performance-metric mismatch and attribution risk, not weather basis risk.", "poorest": "unclear", "poorestWhy": "Depends on service eligibility; incentives may otherwise favour easier-to-reach populations.", "loops": [ "reactive", "cooling", "clinic" ], "module": 1 }, { "id": "municipal_heat_budget", "n": "Municipal heat appropriation and procurement", "def": "A city commits budget to a specified heat-preparedness service or intervention.", "layer": "retain", "level": "meso", "pays": "Public budget/donor or sovereign borrower under applicable terms.", "gets": "Government/city/implementer first; people benefit through separately specified transfers or services.", "speed": "Operation-specific; institutional settlement and final-recipient receipt would ideally be timed separately.", "good": "Pre-arrangement can clarify who finances which costs and when.", "limits": "Legal availability alone does not ensure spending authority or last-mile access.", "basis": "Administrative and delivery gaps rather than pure index basis risk.", "poorest": "unclear", "poorestWhy": "Requires a funded service/benefit and inclusion route; no general household entitlement inferred.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 3 }, { "id": "forecast_grant", "n": "Pre-approved heat early-action grant", "def": "Money and actions approved before the season, released when a specified heat forecast crosses its trigger.", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "pays": "Donors or public budget; no individual insurance premium in documented grant models.", "gets": "Implementing institutions first; people receive defined cash or services.", "speed": "Protocol-specific; forecast lead, institutional transfer and service/cash receipt are different clocks.", "good": "Can act on income/health risks before an asset-loss claim exists.", "limits": "Finite geographic/beneficiary coverage and forecast/delivery constraints.", "basis": "Missed forecasts, local exposure and targeting exclusions; false alarms possible.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Vulnerability targeting can reach poor/informal households; registries, documentation, mobility and service accessibility still require local checks.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection", "poverty", "clinic" ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "ngo_pool", "n": "NGO pooled anticipatory finance", "def": "Donors pool funds across pre-modelled risks so NGO members can deliver agreed actions on forecast triggers.", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "regional", "pays": "Donors or public budget; no individual insurance premium in documented grant models.", "gets": "Implementing institutions first; people receive defined cash or services.", "speed": "Protocol-specific; forecast lead, institutional transfer and service/cash receipt are different clocks.", "good": "Can act on income/health risks before an asset-loss claim exists.", "limits": "Finite geographic/beneficiary coverage and forecast/delivery constraints.", "basis": "Missed forecasts, local exposure and targeting exclusions; false alarms possible.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Vulnerability targeting can reach poor/informal households; registries, documentation, mobility and service accessibility still require local checks.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection", "poverty", "clinic" ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "un_collective", "n": "UN collective anticipatory framework", "def": "UN coordination aligns a forecast trigger, multi-agency actions and pre-arranged finance.", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "macro", "pays": "Donors or public budget; no individual insurance premium in documented grant models.", "gets": "Implementing institutions first; people receive defined cash or services.", "speed": "Protocol-specific; forecast lead, institutional transfer and service/cash receipt are different clocks.", "good": "Can act on income/health risks before an asset-loss claim exists.", "limits": "Finite geographic/beneficiary coverage and forecast/delivery constraints.", "basis": "Missed forecasts, local exposure and targeting exclusions; false alarms possible.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Vulnerability targeting can reach poor/informal households; registries, documentation, mobility and service accessibility still require local checks.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection", "poverty", "clinic" ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "public_forecast_budget", "n": "Government forecast-linked budget", "def": "A proposed public appropriation with delegated authority to release money before heat impacts when an approved forecast rule is met.", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "macro", "pays": "Donors or public budget; no individual insurance premium in documented grant models.", "gets": "Implementing institutions first; people receive defined cash or services.", "speed": "Protocol-specific; forecast lead, institutional transfer and service/cash receipt are different clocks.", "good": "Can act on income/health risks before an asset-loss claim exists.", "limits": "Finite geographic/beneficiary coverage and forecast/delivery constraints.", "basis": "Missed forecasts, local exposure and targeting exclusions; false alarms possible.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Vulnerability targeting can reach poor/informal households; registries, documentation, mobility and service accessibility still require local checks.", "loops": [ "reactive", "protection", "poverty", "clinic" ], "module": 4 }, { "id": "employment-guarantee", "n": "Public employment with heat-safe working arrangements", "def": "Government offers eligible people paid work; heat rules can change work conditions. A worksite rule does not itself create a heat cash entitlement.", "layer": "social", "level": "meso", "pays": "Public budgets", "gets": "Eligible work participants", "speed": "Payment follows work/muster/payroll rules, not automatically a weather warning.", "good": "Can use established eligibility, service or payment infrastructure; verified example below establishes design, not universal effective coverage.", "limits": "Task and attendance rules can conflict with protective rest; full-wage shorter days require explicit authorization.", "basis": "Usually eligibility, exposure and delivery mismatch rather than weather-index basis risk; do not label every exclusion as actuarial basis risk.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Depends on programme coverage, documentation, connection/registration and accessible last-mile delivery. Existing infrastructure does not establish universal reach.", "loops": [ "poverty", "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "cash-transfer-delivery-adaptation", "n": "Cash-transfer expansion or safer delivery", "def": "Existing assistance can pay additional eligible benefits or change when and where people collect; those are different policy choices.", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "pays": "Public assistance budgets", "gets": "Eligible households", "speed": "Depends on authorization, registry, liquidity and actual withdrawal; a scheduled launch is not receipt.", "good": "Can use established eligibility, service or payment infrastructure; verified example below establishes design, not universal effective coverage.", "limits": "Pre-existing exclusion can persist; a safer payment point alone does not replace lost earnings.", "basis": "Usually eligibility, exposure and delivery mismatch rather than weather-index basis risk; do not label every exclusion as actuarial basis risk.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Depends on programme coverage, documentation, connection/registration and accessible last-mile delivery. Existing infrastructure does not establish universal reach.", "loops": [ "poverty", "reactive", "protection", "invisible" ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "sickness-and-injury-benefit", "n": "Sickness and occupational-injury income protection", "def": "An insured or legally covered worker receives treatment or income support when illness or injury meets benefit rules.", "layer": "social", "level": "micro", "pays": "Employer liability and/or social-insurance contributions", "gets": "Eligible workers or providers", "speed": "Medical certification and claim review usually precede entitlement; the relevant payroll deadline would ideally be distinguished from observed payment.", "good": "Can use established eligibility, service or payment infrastructure; verified example below establishes design, not universal effective coverage.", "limits": "Work attribution, contributions, registration and documentation can exclude heat harm; no standard weather-index basis risk.", "basis": "Usually eligibility, exposure and delivery mismatch rather than weather-index basis risk; do not label every exclusion as actuarial basis risk.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Depends on programme coverage, documentation, connection/registration and accessible last-mile delivery. Existing infrastructure does not establish universal reach.", "loops": [ "poverty", "debt", "clinic", "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "publicly-financed-health-cover", "n": "Publicly financed treatment cover", "def": "Public financing pays for eligible covered care; it is not a grant that a household may spend on anything.", "layer": "social", "level": "micro", "pays": "Government health financing", "gets": "Empanelled provider for beneficiary care", "speed": "Cashless access/authorization and provider reimbursement are separate clocks.", "good": "Can use established eligibility, service or payment infrastructure; verified example below establishes design, not universal effective coverage.", "limits": "It can address medical debt after illness, but not necessarily income loss, outpatient care or preventive rest.", "basis": "Usually eligibility, exposure and delivery mismatch rather than weather-index basis risk; do not label every exclusion as actuarial basis risk.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Depends on programme coverage, documentation, connection/registration and accessible last-mile delivery. Existing infrastructure does not establish universal reach.", "loops": [ "debt", "clinic", "poverty", "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "heat-work-stoppage-income", "n": "Wage replacement during a heat-related stop", "def": "A qualifying work interruption activates wage-support rules, allowing covered workers to lose less income while work pauses.", "layer": "social", "level": "meso", "pays": "Social-insurance or wage-integration fund financing", "gets": "Covered employees through approved channels", "speed": "Application, approval and payroll arrangements; observed heat-specific recipient time not verified.", "good": "Can use established eligibility, service or payment infrastructure; verified example below establishes design, not universal effective coverage.", "limits": "Employer application and formal employment boundaries matter; worksite exposure can differ from weather-station conditions.", "basis": "Usually eligibility, exposure and delivery mismatch rather than weather-index basis risk; do not label every exclusion as actuarial basis risk.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Depends on programme coverage, documentation, connection/registration and accessible last-mile delivery. Existing infrastructure does not establish universal reach.", "loops": [ "poverty", "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "seasonal-utility-relief", "n": "Summer electricity relief", "def": "Public support reduces eligible electricity bills or gives a seasonal energy voucher.", "layer": "social", "level": "macro", "pays": "Public subsidy or energy-welfare budget", "gets": "Eligible household through bill credit", "speed": "Calendar and billing cycle; no automatic forecast trigger unless expressly adopted.", "good": "Can use established eligibility, service or payment infrastructure; verified example below establishes design, not universal effective coverage.", "limits": "An account/billing mechanism does not reach everyone without a usable connection or a tenant pass-through arrangement.", "basis": "Usually eligibility, exposure and delivery mismatch rather than weather-index basis risk; do not label every exclusion as actuarial basis risk.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Depends on programme coverage, documentation, connection/registration and accessible last-mile delivery. Existing infrastructure does not establish universal reach.", "loops": [ "energypoverty", "poverty", "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "forecast-linked-cash", "n": "Forecast-linked assistance through social-protection systems", "def": "Pre-agreed assistance uses an existing social registry and delivery channel when an agreed forecast condition is met.", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "macro", "pays": "Pre-arranged public or partner funds", "gets": "Selected households", "speed": "Would ideally arrive before protective actions become impossible; actual transfer time requires transaction evidence.", "good": "Can use established eligibility, service or payment infrastructure; verified example below establishes design, not universal effective coverage.", "limits": "Forecast miss/false alarm, stale registers and payment failure remain; a non-heat model requires heat-specific design.", "basis": "Forecast/impact mismatch plus eligibility and delivery exclusion.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Depends on programme coverage, documentation, connection/registration and accessible last-mile delivery. Existing infrastructure does not establish universal reach.", "loops": [ "poverty", "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 5 }, { "id": "heat-index-insurance", "n": "Parametric heat income cover", "def": "An insurer owes a pre-agreed benefit when a named heat index satisfies the contracted rule, rather than valuing every individual's loss.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "pays": "Members and supporting organisations in the illustrative SEWA cohort; exact premium split not verified.", "gets": "Covered participants through specified payment arrangements", "speed": "Case-specific data and claims process; automatic trigger is not immediate usable cash.", "good": "Can pay without individual loss adjustment.", "limits": "Needs transparent data/contract and reliable last-mile payment; cannot replace prevention.", "basis": "Index/exposure, vulnerability, benefit-size, timing and administrative mismatch.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Targeted informal women workers can be included; membership, documentation, premium support and bank access still matter.", "loops": [ "poverty", "debt", "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 6 }, { "id": "forecast-heat-assistance", "n": "Forecast-triggered heat assistance", "def": "Pre-agreed finance and actions activate from a forecast so that assistance can support protective action before the worst impacts.", "layer": "anticipatory", "level": "meso", "pays": "Pre-arranged public or humanitarian funding", "gets": "Implementers first and selected recipients/services through distinct delivery channels", "speed": "Forecast lead is not recipient delay; readiness, authorization and payment clocks are separate.", "good": "Can fund action before observed loss.", "limits": "False alarms, misses, targeting errors and payment delays can remain.", "basis": "Forecast-impact and targeting mismatch rather than necessarily insurance basis risk.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Targeting can prioritize vulnerable people; this does not demonstrate complete or accessible reach.", "loops": [ "poverty", "debt", "clinic", "reactive", "protection" ], "module": 6 }, { "id": "parametric_heat", "n": "Parametric heat cover", "def": "Pays under a contract when a specified heat index crosses a threshold.", "layer": "transfer", "level": "micro", "pays": "Members, programmes or donors", "gets": "Covered workers", "speed": "No general time-to-money estimate established; separate trigger, insurer settlement and beneficiary receipt.", "good": "Can avoid individual loss adjustment.", "limits": "Index mismatch, benefits caps and payment timing remain material.", "basis": "Weather index can fail to reflect actual harm; grant support also has targeting and coverage gaps.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Distribution through trusted groups and subsidy can help; documentation, account access and renewal costs can exclude.", "loops": [ "protection", "reactive" ], "module": 7 }, { "id": "heat_cash", "n": "Complementary heat cash", "def": "Pre-agreed retained or philanthropic money provides assistance below an insurance threshold.", "layer": "retain", "level": "micro", "pays": "Programme or donor", "gets": "Participants", "speed": "No general time-to-money estimate established; separate trigger, insurer settlement and beneficiary receipt.", "good": "Can cover more frequent heat stress.", "limits": "Funding can expire; it does not transfer risk to an insurer.", "basis": "Weather index can fail to reflect actual harm; grant support also has targeting and coverage gaps.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Distribution through trusted groups and subsidy can help; documentation, account access and renewal costs can exclude.", "loops": [ "protection", "reactive" ], "module": 7 }, { "id": "country_risk_finance", "n": "Country risk-finance support", "def": "Grants and advice help governments assemble financing and delivery arrangements.", "layer": "contingent", "level": "macro", "pays": "Development partners; borrowing states for loans", "gets": "Approved implementing entities and governments", "speed": "No general time-to-money estimate established; separate trigger, insurer settlement and beneficiary receipt.", "good": "Can connect funding and social delivery.", "limits": "Facility existence alone establishes no heat entitlement or beneficiary transfer.", "basis": "Weather index can fail to reflect actual harm; grant support also has targeting and coverage gaps.", "poorest": "partly", "poorestWhy": "Distribution through trusted groups and subsidy can help; documentation, account access and renewal costs can exclude.", "loops": [ "protection", "reactive" ], "module": 7 } ], "triggers": [ { "metric": "Air temperature / consecutive hot days", "good": "Transparent and relatively simple.", "weak": "May miss humidity, nights, worksite and personal exposure.", "humid": "Incomplete alone.", "asia": "Official station observations and gridded datasets exist; coverage and contractual licence vary.", "used": "SEWA 2024; AXA Hong Kong", "module": 1 }, { "metric": "Heat index", "good": "Combines air temperature and humidity.", "weak": "Not a full occupational radiant/workload measure; forecast errors matter.", "humid": "Captures humidity within the index's assumptions.", "asia": "GFS-based Pakistan humanitarian design; BMD/global forecasts referenced in Bangladesh.", "used": "Pakistan historical DRF; Bangladesh 2024 EAP", "module": 1 }, { "metric": "WBGT", "good": "Relevant to occupational heat when properly measured and interpreted.", "weak": "Needs environmental and task interpretation; no verified operational insurance trigger admitted.", "humid": "Reflects more of heat load than air temperature alone; not interchangeable with wet-bulb temperature.", "asia": "Operational coverage and quality not assessed.", "used": "", "module": 1 }, { "metric": "Land-surface temperature", "good": "Can map surface spatial variation.", "weak": "Not human air-temperature exposure; cannot substitute for a policy metric without validation.", "humid": "Does not itself capture humidity.", "asia": "No operational heat-finance trigger verified here.", "used": "", "module": 1 }, { "metric": "Consecutive hot nights", "good": "Can represent reduced recovery opportunities.", "weak": "Threshold and exposure calibration needed; current standalone payout trigger not verified.", "humid": "Minimum temperature alone still misses humidity.", "asia": "Historical Pakistan design discusses maximum/minimum forecasts.", "used": "Historical Pakistan DRF design; not confirmed current RP5 wording", "module": 1 }, { "metric": "Excess mortality", "good": "Can capture wider mortality burden retrospectively.", "weak": "Attribution, baseline and reporting lag make prevention finance difficult.", "humid": "Health effects may reflect combined exposures; metric does not identify each cause.", "asia": "No operational heat payout trigger verified.", "used": "", "module": 1 }, { "metric": "Forecast threshold / probability", "good": "Can release resources before peak harm.", "weak": "Lead-time and calibration trade-off; false positives and missed events.", "humid": "Only if humidity-sensitive exposure is in the model.", "asia": "Bangladesh EAP and Pakistan humanitarian models; exact current probability thresholds unverified.", "used": "Bangladesh EAP", "module": 1 }, { "metric": "Air temperature: daily maximum, accumulated days or sums", "good": "Documented in Indian worker products and dairy/crop frameworks; relatively simple benefit rule.", "weak": "Day-count, geographic and data-source mismatch can separate harm from payment; actual loss is not required in a pure index contract.", "humid": "A dry-bulb temperature threshold alone does not explicitly represent humidity.", "asia": "NASA POWER, ERA5 or IMD grids are named in different products; they are not interchangeable.", "used": "sewa_heat_2023; mht_heat_2024", "module": 2 }, { "metric": "Temperature–humidity / livestock heat stress", "good": "Targets animal heat-stress conditions more directly than air temperature alone.", "weak": "Farm housing, breed, cooling and milk production may differ from modelled conditions; schedule and calibration matter.", "humid": "Explicitly incorporates humidity when the contracted index does so.", "asia": "Bangladesh pilot operator describes temperature and humidity; numerical schedule not verified.", "used": "green_delta_dairy; france_heat_stress", "module": 2 }, { "metric": "Qualifying heatstroke treatment", "good": "Clinical event rather than geographic weather-index eligibility.", "weak": "Access to care and contractual definitions determine payment; income loss without qualifying care remains outside this benefit.", "humid": "Clinical illness can result from humid or dry heat; no weather threshold required.", "asia": "Japanese insurer FAQ describes qualifying treatment/transport.", "used": "tokio_heatstroke", "module": 2 }, { "metric": "Emergency declaration or contract-agreed equivalent", "good": "Can recognise losses without an asset-damage parametric model.", "weak": "Release depends on legal definitions, authorisation and request; warning alone may not meet contract.", "humid": "No humidity measurement unless explicitly included in emergency criteria.", "asia": "World Bank Philippines and ADB CDF illustrate country-specific administrative conditions.", "used": "ph_cat4; adb_cdf", "module": 3 }, { "metric": "Cumulative people affected", "good": "Can accumulate impacts across multiple eligible events and align institutions on one reporting system.", "weak": "Affected counts depend on reporting definitions and timeliness; neither a heat exposure measure nor a paid-beneficiary count.", "humid": "Not inherently humidity-sensitive; eligibility and affected definitions would need redesign for heat.", "asia": "Lao NDMO reports, verified against policy by Gallagher Re; full heat adaptation not verified.", "used": "lao_people; lao_wfp", "module": 3 }, { "metric": "Combined forecast/observed drought index", "good": "Can trigger finance before severe impacts.", "weak": "Forecast/index error and authorised-action capacity remain; pilot threshold unpublished.", "humid": "Drought index is not proof of humid-heat coverage.", "asia": "Lao Department of Meteorology and Hydrology pilot.", "used": "lao_drought", "module": 3 }, { "metric": "Forecast maximum air temperature plus heat index", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "humid": "Humidity incorporated or discussed; outdoor radiation/exertion and hot nights may remain outside index.", "asia": "BMD; ECMWF/GFS", "used": "bd_heat", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Heat index plus maximum air temperature", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "humid": "Humidity incorporated or discussed; outdoor radiation/exertion and hot nights may remain outside index.", "asia": "IMHEN forecast model; national meteorological temperature forecast", "used": "vn_test", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Calculated heat index (protocol uses index values without units)", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Protocol back-test notes Mandalay rule would miss the severe 2010 heat event; humidity relevance under review.", "humid": "Humidity incorporated or discussed; outdoor radiation/exertion and hot nights may remain outside index.", "asia": "DMH 5-day numerical forecasts; IMD 10-day pre-readiness outlook", "used": "mm_heat", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Forecast maximum/minimum temperature; evolving heat-index model", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Operator identifies false positive: observed temperatures fell below model thresholds; seasonal prevention continued.", "humid": "Humidity incorporated or discussed; outdoor radiation/exertion and hot nights may remain outside index.", "asia": "Forecast model checked against Pakistan Meteorological Department", "used": "pk_2020", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Forecast daily mean temperature", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "humid": "No explicit humidity term verified.", "asia": "", "used": "pk_rp2", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Forecast heat; current programme page describes NOAA GFS-derived HI", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "humid": "Humidity incorporated or discussed; outdoor radiation/exertion and hot nights may remain outside index.", "asia": "NOAA GFS per programme page, exact RP5 version unverified", "used": "pk_rp5", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Forecast maximum air temperature, locally adapted pilot thresholds", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "humid": "No explicit humidity term verified.", "asia": "DHM forecasts; June 6 forecast review", "used": "rain_heat", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Forecast daytime maximum air temperature", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Inferred: daytime-only funding rule misses some hot-night or humid-heat harm. Protocol identifies nighttime heat but simplified plan covers daytime events.", "humid": "No explicit humidity term verified.", "asia": "ANAM daily/weekly forecasts", "used": "bf_heat", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "NOA heat-overload danger category", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "humid": "No explicit humidity term verified.", "asia": "National Observatory of Athens", "used": "gr_heat", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Forecast air temperature; 85th-percentile thresholds", "good": "Pre-agreed local rule can make action predictable; context-specific.", "weak": "Inferred: forecast error, local exposure differences and targeting limits can leave people with harm but no assistance; action can also occur without the forecast event. No scheme-specific quantified rate verified.", "humid": "No explicit humidity term verified.", "asia": "Kyrgyzhydromet", "used": "kg_heat", "module": 4 }, { "metric": "Clinical illness / work incapacity", "good": "Can respond to individual harm even without a station crossing.", "weak": "Acts after illness; certification, attribution and coverage can delay or exclude.", "humid": "Clinical/exposure evidence can recognize humid heat; not necessarily a numerical humidity trigger.", "asia": "Need heat diagnoses, work-exposure records and claims linked without publishing personal data.", "used": "in-esi; in-pmjay; ph-ecp; sg-wica", "module": 5 }, { "metric": "Actual/perceived temperature and work stoppage", "good": "Can support wage replacement for preventive suspension.", "weak": "Weather indication alone does not prove eligible application, approval or payment.", "humid": "Italy guidance considers perceived heat; exact worksite calculation and verifier would ideally be specified.", "asia": "No validated transplant of Italy's threshold into an Asian payroll or public-work programme is established.", "used": "it-cigo", "module": 5 }, { "metric": "Seasonal calendar and household eligibility", "good": "Predictable timing and budgeting without requiring an emergency declaration.", "weak": "May miss heat outside the window or households outside filters; not a forecast payout.", "humid": "Does not itself reflect humidity or indoor heat.", "asia": "Korea published a 2026 summer window; benefit values and heat-specific redemption data not verified.", "used": "kr-energy-voucher", "module": 5 }, { "metric": "Administrative response to heat / change of collection arrangements", "good": "Can reduce exposure while preserving an existing delivery system.", "weak": "Decision and launch date do not establish completed payment or larger benefit.", "humid": "No explicit numerical humidity threshold verified.", "asia": "BISP June 2025 heat-related retail-payment announcement; use beneficiary receipt data to test effects.", "used": "pk-bisp", "module": 5 }, { "metric": "Air temperature", "good": "Simple, observable and supported by long weather histories.", "weak": "Misses humidity, radiation, wind, indoor heat and workload; station/grid may differ from exposure.", "humid": "Poorly captured when used alone.", "asia": "IMD daily temperature grids and national station services; local usable hourly coverage would ideally be audited.", "used": "bd-dhaka-eap", "module": 6 }, { "metric": "WBGT - measured", "good": "Local natural wet-bulb, globe and dry-bulb sensors integrate humidity, wind and radiation.", "weak": "Sensor siting, calibration, maintenance and averaging matter; workload/clothing/individual response remain outside index.", "humid": "Captures humid heat and radiant conditions; not a universal personal safety threshold.", "asia": "Singapore publishes instrument-based WBGT and an API; comparable public coverage across all South/SE Asian locations not verified.", "used": "", "module": 6 }, { "metric": "WBGT - modelled", "good": "Enables spatial/historical estimates without a globe sensor at every location.", "weak": "Dependent on meteorological inputs, radiation/wind assumptions and validation; a simple temperature–humidity proxy is not direct measurement.", "humid": "Potentially captures humid/radiant heat if full method/inputs support it.", "asia": "Reanalysis/forecast inputs available regionally; Asian worksite validation of any selected model would ideally be checked.", "used": "", "module": 6 }, { "metric": "Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)", "good": "Combines temperature, humidity, wind and radiation in a physiological reference model.", "weak": "Reference person/activity/clothing assumptions; grid and outdoor setting do not reproduce every person or indoor workplace.", "humid": "Includes humidity but does not remove exposure and vulnerability mismatch.", "asia": "ERA5-HEAT provides hourly 0.25° gridded estimates across South/SE Asia; modelled exposure, not a dense instrument network.", "used": "", "module": 6 }, { "metric": "Satellite land-surface temperature (LST)", "good": "Spatially detailed view of surface heating and urban land-cover patterns.", "weak": "Skin temperature differs from shaded air or human heat stress; clouds, overpass time, emissivity and missingness matter.", "humid": "Poor direct capture of humidity; LST alone does not measure humid heat.", "asia": "MODIS daily 1 km day/night products cover region subject to quality/clear-sky availability; HotPay explores LST-enabled indicators.", "used": "", "module": 6 }, { "metric": "Duration and night-time indicators", "good": "Captures persistence and reduced recovery opportunities.", "weak": "Choice of window and baseline changes eligibility; day/night and time-zone definitions would ideally be fixed.", "humid": "Persistence does not itself include humidity unless combined with a humid-heat metric.", "asia": "Daily/hourly weather histories and ERA5-HEAT night statistics available; local indoor recovery exposure still unknown.", "used": "in-sewa-2024; bd-dhaka-eap", "module": 6 }, { "metric": "Excess mortality / heat-attributable mortality", "good": "Reveals harm beyond certified heatstroke; supports burden and fiscal-needs estimates.", "weak": "Lagged/incomplete registration, baseline and attribution uncertainty; post-event outcome cannot by itself fund pre-impact action.", "humid": "Can model humidity jointly, but mortality is not a direct humidity metric.", "asia": "India facility surveillance and city all-cause studies exist; timely complete national daily death data are not assumed.", "used": "", "module": 6 }, { "metric": "Forecast probability", "good": "Can release funds before harm; expresses forecast uncertainty.", "weak": "Requires local calibration, reliability and decision-cost testing; a probability of above-normal seasonal heat is not a probability of the contracted event.", "humid": "Depends on forecast variable; temperature-only probability misses humidity.", "asia": "ECMWF/GFS inputs used by Dhaka; NOAA GEFS publishes heat-exceedance probabilities. No financial probability threshold inferred.", "used": "", "module": 6 } ], "data_infrastructure": [ { "n": "National stations and WIGOS quality monitoring", "owner": "National meteorological services; WMO monitoring infrastructure", "latency": "Operational, subject to reporting and transmission", "res": "Station-specific", "relevance": "Audit simultaneous usable inputs and missing data within contracted geography, rather than counting all listed stations.", "caveat": "No uniform adequate station density assumed." }, { "n": "IMD gridded daily maximum temperature", "owner": "India Meteorological Department", "latency": "Historical archive; not demonstrated as the real-time payout feed", "res": "1° × 1° daily; interpolated gridded product", "relevance": "Useful for historical calibration; not neighbourhood or workplace observation.", "caveat": "Documentation says post-2008 grids use around 180 operationally received stations. This is a product-input count, not the total current Indian network." }, { "n": "ERA5 / ERA5T", "owner": "ECMWF for Copernicus Climate Change Service", "latency": "ERA5T about five days; consolidated ERA5 about two–three months", "res": "Hourly gridded meteorological reconstruction; product/grid would ideally be named", "relevance": "Historical modelling and event verification; waiting for consolidated data conflicts with very early cash.", "caveat": "Reanalysis is observation–model synthesis, not satellite LST or a local station reading. Settlement would ideally define preliminary/final version." }, { "n": "ERA5-HEAT", "owner": "C3S/ECMWF; dataset documented scientific processing", "latency": "Intermediate daily updates; final monthly updates with two–three month lag", "res": "0.25° hourly UTCI/MRT with aggregated statistics", "relevance": "Reference exposure surface; locally validate before contractual use.", "caveat": "Spatially complete grid does not establish complete worksite exposure measurement." }, { "n": "MODIS MOD11A1 v6.1 and proposed EO trigger services", "owner": "NASA MODIS/LAADS; HotPay prime contractor WEO with ESA feasibility support", "latency": "Product-specific; distinguish archive, near-real-time and composites", "res": "MODIS daily 1 km day/night; HotPay also describes Sentinel-3/2 and Landsat inputs", "relevance": "Spatial calibration/context; HotPay explores trigger generation.", "caveat": "Do not substitute LST degrees for air, WBGT or heat-index degrees." }, { "n": "Singapore WBGT instruments and API", "owner": "Meteorological Service Singapore / NEA; data.gov.sg publication", "latency": "Automatic publication; gaps and subsequent corrections possible", "res": "API reports preceding 15-minute average, updated every 15 minutes", "relevance": "Transferable monitoring and open-data design; published advisory is not a payout.", "caveat": "October 2026 ministry reply says around 30 stations, expanded from 15 in 2025; count is time-specific." }, { "n": "Operational forecast and ensemble products", "owner": "BMD, ECMWF, NOAA/GFS/GEFS and other national providers", "latency": "Forecast release schedule; distinguish forecast lead from payment-processing time", "res": "Run, grid, lead time and event definition would ideally be archived", "relevance": "Can support readiness and release before heat; requires operational decision authority.", "caveat": "General product availability is not proof of local reliability at contracted threshold." }, { "n": "Health-facility surveillance and civil-registration mortality", "owner": "Health ministries, facilities and civil registrars; aggregate analysis by authorized research institutions", "latency": "Suspected reports early; confirmation and death registration later", "res": "NCDC expects daily aggregated facility indicators; complete civil-death data can have longer lags", "relevance": "Loss validation, burden estimation and reserve planning; not a verified automatic insurance trigger.", "caveat": "Facility deaths miss deaths outside facilities; all-cause excess is not automatically attributable to heat." } ], "country_layers": { "ASEAN+3 participating countries": [ { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "SEADRIF Initiative and Insurance Company", "inst": "SEADRIF regional platform / operating hazard portfolio", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Treasury or institutional receipt is separate from budget execution and household/service delivery; programme-specific route not verified.", "gap": "Missing fields do not mean zero payment, ineligibility or an exhaustive claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "SEADRIF–HERA heat accelerator announcement, 9 October 2026", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/hera-and-seadrif-partner-to-accelerate-solutions-to-extreme-heat-across-southeast-asia/", "archive": "" } } ], "Lao PDR": [ { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "Ministry of Finance, Lao PDR", "inst": "Lao PDR SEADRIF #PEOPLE sovereign policy, 2025–27", "heat": "no", "trigger": "2025 payout tier:300,000–449,999 people.2026 first tier reported after exceeding200,000. Full year-specific schedule not verified; do not harmonise tiers.", "speed": "2025: six business days after latest impact-data receipt;2026 first payment: five business days after report. Neither is event-to-household timing.", "lastMile": "Pre-agreed government contingency plan and safeguards. Named affected-population count is a trigger input, not proof of people receiving cash.", "gap": "Missing fields do not mean zero payment, ineligibility or an exhaustive claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "World Bank: Lao premium, limit, perils and support grant, 11 February 2026", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043445/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia" } }, { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "Lao Ministry of Finance and WFP under separate policies", "inst": "Lao PDR government–WFP aligned impact-trigger arrangement, 2026", "heat": "no", "trigger": "First payout after 200,000-person threshold; additional payment after count exceeded375,000; complete legal tier schedule not verified", "speed": "Five business days first; two business days additional, measured from official report receipt. No household clock verified.", "lastMile": "WFP operations coordinated with government through a joint plan; recipient-level receipt timing and gender/disability distribution not verified.", "gap": "Do not add government first payout again when using joint totals. No number of distinct people paid inferred from impact counts.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "SEADRIF: separate government and WFP payouts, 1 September 2026", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-delivers-us1-14-million-in-payouts-to-lao-pdr-government-and-wfp-in-five-business-days-following-heavy-rainfall-and-widespread-flooding/", "archive": "" } }, { "layer": "anticipatory", "holder": "Lao Ministry of Finance", "inst": "Lao PDR–SEADRIF–FAO anticipatory drought extension sandbox", "heat": "no", "trigger": "Defined in pilot; numeric value not published in reviewed source", "speed": "", "lastMile": "SOPs co-developed across finance, agriculture/environment, labour/social welfare and meteorology; planned messages and drought farming/water training. Not verified direct cash.", "gap": "Missing fields do not mean zero payment, ineligibility or an exhaustive claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "SEADRIF–FAO anticipatory drought sandbox, 27 May 2026", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-and-fao-launch-southeast-asias-first-anticipatory-drought-insurance-pilot-in-lao-pdr/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260713132145/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-and-fao-launch-southeast-asias-first-anticipatory-drought-insurance-pilot-in-lao-pdr/" } } ], "Nepal": [ { "layer": "contingent", "holder": "Government of Nepal / Ministry of Finance", "inst": "Nepal Cat DDO,2024", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Qualifying hazard/health emergency; signed withdrawal clause not reviewed", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Institutional receipt is separate from budget execution and delivery to people; actual heat last-mile receipts not verified.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "World Bank: Nepal contingent financing approval, 8 October 2024", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/10/07/world-bank-approves-150-million-to-strengthen-nepal-s-disaster-response-and-resilience", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260909230252/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/10/07/world-bank-approves-150-million-to-strengthen-nepal-s-disaster-response-and-resilience" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Government of Nepal / NDRRMA and subnational governments", "inst": "Nepal central, provincial, district and local Disaster Management Funds", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Authorised disaster-management/relief expenditure and applicable fund procedures; no universal temperature release threshold verified", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Province–district and local mechanisms under applicable rules. Funds can support activities/services; no automatic personal payment established.", "gap": "2017/2019 statutory text reviewed; scanned 2079 procedure retrieved but detailed translation not verified. No heat-only fund balance or cash receipt chronology verified.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Nepal DRRM Act 2017, amended 2019, government English text hosted by FAOLEX", "url": "https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nep228597.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261017094522/https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nep228597.pdf" } }, { "layer": "anticipatory", "holder": "RAIN/local governments; NDRRMA national coordination", "inst": "rain_heat", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Pilot municipal thresholds; national heat release rule not verified", "speed": "See linked scheme delivery_clock; no inferred recipient payment deadline.", "lastMile": "Health volunteers, water units and local messaging", "gap": "Fund readiness and heat action in provincial/local budgets with delegated pre-impact release.", "idea": "Fund readiness and heat action in provincial/local budgets with delegated pre-impact release.", "src": null } ], "Philippines": [ { "layer": "contingent", "holder": "Republic of the Philippines / Bureau of the Treasury", "inst": "Philippines World Bank Cat DDO4,2021–23", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Qualifying State of Calamity or Public Health Emergency", "speed": "Exact release/receipt chronology not verified", "lastMile": "Institutional receipt is separate from budget execution and delivery to people; actual heat last-mile receipts not verified.", "gap": "Do not add a drawdown announcement to a later cumulative disbursement. No definitive tranche schedule imported.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "World Bank: Philippines Cat DDO4 approval and triggers, 17 November 2021", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/11/17/wb-approves-credit-line-for-managing-risks-from-climate-change-natural-disasters-and-disease-outbreaks", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260517180549/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/11/17/wb-approves-credit-line-for-managing-risks-from-climate-change-natural-disasters-and-disease-outbreaks" } }, { "layer": "contingent", "holder": "Republic of the Philippines", "inst": "ADB Philippines Second Disaster Resilience Improvement Program, 2025", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Negotiated conditions; full loan agreement not reviewed", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Local/national DRRM and PFM reforms include gender, disability and social inclusion objectives; objectives are not evidence of fair delivery.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "ADB: Second Disaster Resilience Improvement Program approval, 29 January 2025", "url": "https://www.adb.org/news/500-million-adb-loan-bolster-philippines-disaster-resilience", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260827002135/https://www.adb.org/news/500-million-adb-loan-bolster-philippines-disaster-resilience" } }, { "layer": "contingent", "holder": "Republic of the Philippines", "inst": "ADB first Philippines Disaster Resilience Improvement Program: historical drawdowns", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Enhanced community quarantine under IATF Resolution106-A was an eligible condition", "speed": "Request and disbursement in April 2021; no household clock", "lastMile": "Institutional receipt is separate from budget execution and delivery to people; actual heat last-mile receipts not verified.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "ADB Independent Evaluation Department: first Philippines DRIP validation, December 2025", "url": "https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/Evaluation%20Document/1110811/files/PVR%20L3968%20PHI%20Disaster%20Resilience%20Improvement%20Program_0.pdf", "archive": "" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "National government / DBM and implementing agencies", "inst": "Philippines National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Agency/LGU request, evaluation/recommendation and approval processes as applicable; cash allotment and accounting rules", "speed": "", "lastMile": "DBM allotment/cash authorisation to implementing agencies/LGUs, then service/relief programmes. Budget release is not household receipt.", "gap": "Do not add the separate PSF row to this subtotal: PSF is included. Proposed 2026 budget figures differ from enacted status report; no heat-only release amount verified.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Philippines DBM: calamity fund and QRF release procedures", "url": "https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260714004419/https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Designated government agencies", "inst": "Philippines agency Quick Response Funds", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Agency-authorised eligible QRF spending; DBM says initial use does not require NDRRMC recommendation or Presidential approval. Replenishment follows separate approval.", "speed": "Pre-positioned budget authority can shorten approvals; observed heat cash-in-hand speed not verified.", "lastMile": "Agency response services and benefits; public guidance does not establish coverage of every heat-exposed household.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Philippines DBM: calamity fund and QRF release procedures", "url": "https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260714004419/https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "PSF Board / Treasury with LGUs and accredited community organisations", "inst": "Philippines People's Survival Fund", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Project proposal/work-financial plan, risk/planning documents and approval; no heat warning payout", "speed": "Project preparation/approval/disbursement cycle; rapid event payment not established", "lastMile": "Approved LGU/community adaptation projects; no individual right to claim from PSF.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Philippines Climate Change Commission: People's Survival Fund eligibility", "url": "https://climate.gov.ph/peoples-survival-fund", "archive": "" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "LGUs / local DRRM councils and finance offices", "inst": "Philippines Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Funds", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Local plan/appropriation and lawful spending; local calamity declaration based on LDRRMC recommendation/assessment where relevant. Do not apply declaration requirement to every prevention activity.", "speed": "", "lastMile": "City/municipal/barangay services and approved assistance; appropriation alone does not establish receipt or inclusion.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Philippines RA10121 implementing rules: local funds, QRF, insurance", "url": "https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/58073", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251231130916/https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/58073" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Quezon City Government", "inst": "Quezon City heat action plan and pilot-interventions procurement, 2026", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Public procurement award, notice to proceed and contract payment conditions; not a weather or insurance trigger", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Supplier delivers plan-development and pilot-intervention services. No household cash benefit or completed results inferred.", "gap": "Procurement code includes LDRRMF(CLIMATE), while tender describes General Fund. Detailed fund-account attribution not independently reconciled; do not infer the whole contract is QRF.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Quezon City contract GS-2609036 for heat action plan and pilot interventions, October 2026", "url": "https://quezoncity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/CONTRACT-GS-2609036.pdf", "archive": "" } }, { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "Participating city governments; DOF-led pool design", "inst": "Philippine City Disaster Insurance Pool design / development", "heat": "no", "trigger": "Design/contract-specific; no issued heat threshold", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Intended direct city liquidity for early recovery; actual cities paid and beneficiary timing not verified.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "ADB: Philippine City Disaster Insurance Pool rationale and design, 2018", "url": "https://www.adb.org/publications/philippine-city-disaster-insurance-pool", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241009100458/https://www.adb.org/publications/philippine-city-disaster-insurance-pool" } }, { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "Bureau of the Treasury; government agencies and 25 provinces intended users", "inst": "Philippines sovereign/provincial parametric pilot, 2017–19", "heat": "no", "trigger": "Contract attachment/exhaustion, peril-specific; no heat component", "speed": "Contractual treasury payment stages met; onward LGU/NGA release had not occurred by study cutoff July 2020. Do not present treasury speed as household receipt.", "lastMile": "World Bank/Kimetrica implementation review found all three receipts remained at Treasury at review cutoff, owing to unresolved allocation authorisations. Other public assistance may have funded affected areas.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "World Bank/Kimetrica: Philippines parametric pilot lessons, December 2020/2021 publication", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260109155955/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf" } }, { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "Republic of Philippines; World Bank issuer", "inst": "Philippines World Bank catastrophe bond, 2019–22", "heat": "no", "trigger": "Partial trigger met afterRai; full signed trigger schedule not retrieved", "speed": "Exact treasury receipt latency not verified; not a heat settlement", "lastMile": "Institutional receipt is separate from budget execution and delivery to people; actual heat last-mile receipts not verified.", "gap": "Announcement describes payout and remaining coverage; no bank-credit or end-recipient trace verified. No additional heat component inferred.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Philippines Department of Finance: Cat Bond payout announcement, 25January 2022", "url": "https://www.dof.gov.ph/phl-cat-bond-triggers-payout/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260225131955/https://www.dof.gov.ph/phl-cat-bond-triggers-payout/" } }, { "layer": "social", "holder": "Employees’ Compensation Commission with SSS / GSIS", "inst": "Philippines Employees’ Compensation Programme heat-related illness", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Compensable occupational disease and causal exposure evidence; No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "speed": "No verified heat-specific release deadline", "lastMile": "Programme delivery/claim channel; actual heat-specific recipient clock not verified.", "gap": "Design/eligibility evidence does not establish actual heat claims, coverage of all eligible people, payment speed or welfare effect.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null } ], "India": [ { "layer": "retain", "holder": "State governments / State Executive Committees", "inst": "India State Disaster Response Funds, 2026–31", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Approved heat relief norms and state administrative authorisation. Detailed 2026 response items/limits not verified.", "speed": "", "lastMile": "State/district relief and public-service channels; no nationwide heat-specific receipt audit found.", "gap": "Response-labelled MHA catalogue PDF returned mitigation text in this review. Heat inclusion is confirmed by official answer; exact updated response entitlements/limits are withheld.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "MHA, Lok Sabha answer 2541, 4 August 2026 (official PDF mirrored by PolicyIndex)", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261031152742/https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Union government / Ministry of Home Affairs", "inst": "India National Disaster Response Fund, 2026–31", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "State request and central assistance process for severe disaster, subject to updated norms; complete 2026 procedure not verified", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Union-to-state assistance followed by state/district spending; no heat-specific national payout-to-person series verified.", "gap": "Do not infer automatic NDRF release from an IMD warning or from heat being legally notified.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "MHA, Lok Sabha answer 2541, 4 August 2026 (official PDF mirrored by PolicyIndex)", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261031152742/https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "State Disaster Management Authorities / state governments", "inst": "India State Disaster Mitigation Funds, 2026–31", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Approved new mitigation project. Annual single-hazard share normally capped at50%, relaxable by MHA on specified recommendation/concurrence; non-structural measures up to10% annual allocation.", "speed": "Central shares scheduled June/December; state transfer to public account within15 days of receipt. This is not project/household delivery time.", "lastMile": "Approved state/district/community projects; ongoing maintenance would ideally be funded elsewhere.", "gap": "Restrictions include no routine upkeep/establishment spending, no beautification or funding existing ongoing schemes; specific project cost eligibility would ideally be checked.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "MHA, 31 July 2026: SDMF/NDMF operational guidelines, clauses 3, 7–9", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.in/files/policies_guidelines_document/OperationalGuidelinesforAdministrationoftheStateDisasterMitigationFundandNationalDisasterMitigationFundbasedontherecommendationsofSixteenthFinanceCommission2026-27to2030-31.pdf", "archive": "" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Union government / national mitigation approval machinery", "inst": "India National Disaster Mitigation Fund, 2026–31", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Approved eligible mitigation proposal and national approval process; national fund-specific detailed limits not fully verified", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Institutional receipt is separate from budget execution and delivery to people; actual heat last-mile receipts not verified.", "gap": "Do not apply the SDMF 50%/10% rules to NDMF without checking the NDMF-specific text. No national heat disbursement total verified.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "MHA, Lok Sabha answer 2541, 4 August 2026 (official PDF mirrored by PolicyIndex)", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261031152742/https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" } }, { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Government of Kerala / KSDMA / DDMAs", "inst": "Kerala SDMF heat mitigation and district heat-action funding", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Administrative heat-action/mitigation authorisation; no parametric trigger", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Agriculture projects and district/local-body heat responses. KSDMA describes local-body access, not a measured beneficiary transfer.", "gap": "2026 allocation wording does not unambiguously say per district versus statewide; no multiplying by district count. No evidence of completed farmer-level spending/timing in this source.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "KSDMA Heat Actions: departmental heat releases and district allocations", "url": "https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260519102627/https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/" } }, { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "Government of Kerala / State Insurance Department", "inst": "Kerala proposed sovereign/BPL group parametric–indemnity scheme", "heat": "unclear", "trigger": "Thresholds, validation, beneficiary verification, payment mechanisms, SOPs and audit to be developed", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Proposed government receipt for parametric layer, verified homeowner payment for BPL indemnity; not an operating entitlement.", "gap": "Unknown fields do not imply zero, ineligibility or a full audited claims history.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Kerala GO(Ms)6/2026/P&EA: in-principle insurance framework", "url": "https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GO62026Risk-2.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260518065930/https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GO62026Risk-2.pdf" } }, { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "Nagaland State Disaster Management Authority", "inst": "Nagaland state rainfall-parametric insurance lineage", "heat": "no", "trigger": "Full issued schedule not verified", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Institutional receipt is separate from budget execution and delivery to people; actual heat last-mile receipts not verified.", "gap": "Later reporting mentions another insurer/version; not merged with Tata AIG lineage. No heat or exact payment history imported.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "ISF: Nagaland rainfall pilot and premium support, June 2024", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/2024/06/17/isf-continues-to-support-nagalands-climate-risk-insurance-program-with-further-premium-subsidy-support/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261004184108/https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/2024/06/17/isf-continues-to-support-nagalands-climate-risk-insurance-program-with-further-premium-subsidy-support/" } }, { "layer": "social", "holder": "Ministry of Rural Development and state governments", "inst": "India rural employment guarantee: VB–G RAM G transition from MGNREGA", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Administrative or clinical eligibility; not a weather-index payout; No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "speed": "Statutory/administrative wage schedule is not measured heat-payment speed.", "lastMile": "Programme delivery/claim channel; actual heat-specific recipient clock not verified.", "gap": "State schemes, actual heat adjustments, reduced-task full-wage provisions, attendance exceptions and heat payment records require verification.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null }, { "layer": "social", "holder": "Rajasthan Department of Local Self Government / urban local bodies", "inst": "Rajasthan urban employment guarantee heat work arrangements", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Administrative or clinical eligibility; not a weather-index payout; No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "speed": "No verified heat-specific release deadline", "lastMile": "Programme delivery/claim channel; actual heat-specific recipient clock not verified.", "gap": "Underlying signed orders and attachments, current hours, wage safeguards and compliance not reviewed; catalogue access was intermittent.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null }, { "layer": "social", "holder": "Employees’ State Insurance Corporation", "inst": "Employees’ State Insurance sickness benefit for heat-related absence", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Certified inability to work due to illness associated with heat; No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "speed": "No verified heat-specific release deadline", "lastMile": "Programme delivery/claim channel; actual heat-specific recipient clock not verified.", "gap": "Historical explicit heat eligibility verified; current detailed legal implementation, claims, amounts and payment times not verified.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null }, { "layer": "social", "holder": "National Health Authority and state health agencies", "inst": "Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY heatstroke hospitalization cover", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Clinical heatstroke and covered hospitalization / package eligibility; No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "speed": "No verified heat-specific release deadline", "lastMile": "Covered hospital care; reimbursement to provider is distinct from household cash.", "gap": "Design/eligibility evidence does not establish actual heat claims, coverage of all eligible people, payment speed or welfare effect.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null }, { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "SEWA", "inst": "SEWA heat-insurance and separate cash support, 2024 policy cohort", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "41.6–46.1°C depending on district, for two consecutive days", "speed": "Reported insurance processing delay; see scheme-specific clock.", "lastMile": "Member bank accounts; documentation exceptions can affect timing.", "gap": "Full contract/protocol execution, recipient timing, inclusion and causal outcomes require further evidence.", "idea": "Publish auditable trigger computation, data version, release and recipient timestamps, accessible complaints and independent outcome analysis.", "src": null } ], "Pakistan": [ { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Government-owned NDRMF company", "inst": "Pakistan National Disaster Risk Management Fund", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Eligible implementing-partner subproject approval and grant conditions; no automatic heat threshold", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Government finance to NDRMF to eligible implementing partners; project delivery differs from emergency household cash.", "gap": "Not the same institution as NDMA's National Disaster Management Fund or a proposed separate risk-finance facility. No current liquid heat reserve total inferred from cumulative donor financing.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Auditor-General Pakistan: NDRMF foreign-aided project FY 2023–24 audit, issued December 2024", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099043025065088914/pdf/P163924-1198a26c-a8fd-4623-ad86-016c71b2cd43.pdf", "archive": "" } }, { "layer": "anticipatory", "holder": "Start Ready and NGO members", "inst": "pk_rp5", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Pool/version-specific forecast rule", "speed": "See linked scheme delivery_clock; no inferred recipient payment deadline.", "lastMile": "NGO services; no verified household cash clock", "gap": "Publish versioned local triggers, deduplicated service counts and residual-risk referrals.", "idea": "Publish versioned local triggers, deduplicated service counts and residual-risk referrals.", "src": null }, { "layer": "social", "holder": "Benazir Income Support Programme", "inst": "BISP heat-responsive payment-collection arrangements", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Administrative decision in response to heat conditions; No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "speed": "No verified heat-specific release deadline", "lastMile": "Designated retail collection with biometric verification and printed receipt.", "gap": "Design/eligibility evidence does not establish actual heat claims, coverage of all eligible people, payment speed or welfare effect.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null } ], "Bangladesh": [ { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief / district committees", "inst": "Bangladesh national and district Disaster Management Funds", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Authorised disaster-management expenditure under financial rules and 2021 fund rules; detailed heat criteria not verified", "speed": "", "lastMile": "National relief division and district administration; fund accounts and relief channels established by law; actual heat disbursement and inclusion outcomes not verified.", "gap": "2012 law is background; full 2021 rules and current delegation/spending norms require review before operational eligibility advice.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Bangladesh Disaster Management Act 2012, sections 2 and 32, UNICEF-hosted government text", "url": "https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/sites/unicef.org.bangladesh/files/2018-10/Disaster-Mgt-Act-2012-English.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221115111705/https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/sites/unicef.org.bangladesh/files/2018-10/Disaster-Mgt-Act-2012-English.pdf" } }, { "layer": "anticipatory", "holder": "BDRCS / IFRC-DREF", "inst": "bd_heat", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "BMD plus global forecast condition", "speed": "See linked scheme delivery_clock; no inferred recipient payment deadline.", "lastMile": "Cash via mobile money; water/cooling through volunteers", "gap": "Publish reconciled trigger-to-receipt ledger and establish funded registry-plus-community enrolment.", "idea": "Publish reconciled trigger-to-receipt ledger and establish funded registry-plus-community enrolment.", "src": null }, { "layer": "social", "holder": "Department of Social Services / Ministry of Social Welfare", "inst": "Bangladesh Old Age Allowance - existing system, no verified heat top-up", "heat": "unclear", "trigger": "Administrative or clinical eligibility; not a weather-index payout; No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "speed": "No verified heat-specific release deadline", "lastMile": "Programme delivery/claim channel; actual heat-specific recipient clock not verified.", "gap": "Current rate, legal criteria, registry completeness, heat activation and actual heat payments not verified. Candidate status is an analytical category, not an announced government heat scheme.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null }, { "layer": "anticipatory", "holder": "Bangladesh Red Crescent Society", "inst": "Dhaka heatwave Early Action Protocol", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Temperature at least 38°C and heat index at least 38 for at least two consecutive days", "speed": "Forecast/action lead is not measured recipient payment time.", "lastMile": "Cash/services via implementing protocol; receipt-time distribution not verified.", "gap": "Full contract/protocol execution, recipient timing, inclusion and causal outcomes require further evidence.", "idea": "Publish auditable trigger computation, data version, release and recipient timestamps, accessible complaints and independent outcome analysis.", "src": null } ], "Sri Lanka": [ { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Treasury / NDRSC / district and divisional administrations", "inst": "Sri Lanka disaster-relief budget and NDRSC delivery channel", "heat": "unclear", "trigger": "Government relief authorisation and current budget/circular criteria; full heat application not verified", "speed": "", "lastMile": "District/divisional relief and water distribution; heat-specific recipient timing/fairness not verified.", "gap": "Do not equate dry-weather water support with cash compensation for heat income or illness.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "ISF-supported Sri Lanka feasibility study (cover dated 2022; file named 2023 report)", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260608013917/https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf" } }, { "layer": "transfer", "holder": "Government / National Insurance Trust Fund / NDRSC", "inst": "Sri Lanka historical National Natural Disaster Insurance Scheme", "heat": "unclear", "trigger": "Heat not explicitly verified; full policy not retrieved", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Historical district/divisional assessment route; not current heat receipt evidence.", "gap": "Historical scheme ended according to study; no verified restart or heat endorsement. Drought exclusion is not a basis for asserting all heat losses were excluded.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "ISF-supported Sri Lanka feasibility study (cover dated 2022; file named 2023 report)", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260608013917/https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf" } } ], "Thailand": [ { "layer": "contingent", "holder": "Ministry of Finance / DDPM / provincial authorities", "inst": "Thailand emergency disaster-relief advances", "heat": "unclear", "trigger": "Current emergency-relief advance criteria/authorised declaration not fully reviewed", "speed": "Designed to bridge waiting for budget allocation; observed heat release not verified", "lastMile": "Authorised central/provincial expenditure and relief; no confirmed heat payment chain.", "gap": "Do not treat 2019 ceilings or a translated general hazard list as current 2026 heat entitlement. This is a bounded existence record, with unresolved legal detail.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Thailand DDPM: current emergency-relief advance rules catalogue", "url": "https://law.disaster.go.th/help/download?id=inner_2741", "archive": "" } }, { "layer": "social", "holder": "Cabinet / relevant electricity and budget authorities", "inst": "Thailand 2023 hot-season electricity discount proposal", "heat": "partly", "trigger": "Administrative approval and household monthly electricity use; ≤300 kWh/month proposed recurring discounts; 301–500 kWh proposed one-time May bill credit", "speed": "No verified heat-specific release deadline", "lastMile": "Electricity billing/credit channel subject to eligibility and usable account.", "gap": "Status ended refers to the proposed 2023 window, not verified implementation. Recipient counts withheld because the source mixes people and households.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null } ], "Indonesia": [ { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Ministry of Finance / BPDLH, coordinated with BNPB", "inst": "Indonesia Pooling Fund Bencana / IndoRisk", "heat": "unclear", "trigger": "Applicable PFB/BNPB verification, eligible-use and disbursement procedures; no heat-specific trigger verified", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Funding to ministries/agencies/local government through authorised channels; not direct household insurance.", "gap": "PFB is a domestic pooling fund, not a multinational sovereign risk pool. Capital, budget contributions, insurance premiums and releases would ideally remain distinct; no verified heat allocation imported.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Indonesia Ministry of Finance: PFB architecture and implementation roadmap", "url": "https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/parb/en/pfb-2/", "archive": "" } } ], "Viet Nam": [ { "layer": "retain", "holder": "National fund / provincial People's Committees", "inst": "Viet Nam national/provincial natural-disaster prevention and control funds", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Approved disaster prevention/control and relief expenditure; no automatic heat threshold", "speed": "", "lastMile": "Central/provincial and local disaster-management channels; no heat-specific last-mile audit verified.", "gap": "2025 and 2026 amendments exist. Do not use the 2021 text alone for current contribution exemptions, retention shares or spending caps. Legal heat recognition is not proof of current heat disbursement.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Viet Nam Law60/2020/QH14: extreme heat in natural-disaster definition", "url": "https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/vie212266.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250202191944/https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/vie212266.pdf" } }, { "layer": "anticipatory", "holder": "Vietnam Red Cross with IMHEN", "inst": "vn_eap", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Current EAP threshold not verified", "speed": "See linked scheme delivery_clock; no inferred recipient payment deadline.", "lastMile": "Cooling services planned", "gap": "Resolve service contracts, maintenance and approval delegation before next season.", "idea": "Resolve service contracts, maintenance and approval delegation before next season.", "src": null } ], "Cambodia": [ { "layer": "retain", "holder": "Government / NCDM / Office of Council of Ministers", "inst": "Cambodia disaster-management budget and reserves", "heat": "unclear", "trigger": "Authorised disaster-management budget/reserve expenditure; exact current heat conditions not verified", "speed": "", "lastMile": "NCDM/ministry/subnational response mechanisms; no verified heat recipient receipt timeline.", "gap": "Background law and unofficial English translation; no current dedicated heat reserve, appropriation balance or automatic benefit inferred.", "idea": "Publish heat-specific eligible uses, legal release authority, fallback and separate timestamps from warning/report to treasury, implementer and final recipient; align with costed heat action plan.", "src": { "label": "Cambodia Law on Disaster Management 2015, articles38–39 (government law, IFRC-hosted unofficial English translation)", "url": "https://disasterlaw.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/media/disaster_law/2020-08/Cambodia%20DM%20Law_English.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240616004026/https://disasterlaw.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/media/disaster_law/2020-08/Cambodia%20DM%20Law_English.pdf" } } ], "Myanmar": [ { "layer": "anticipatory", "holder": "Myanmar Red Cross / IFRC-DREF", "inst": "mm_heat", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "HI rule with observed-day cash safeguard", "speed": "See linked scheme delivery_clock; no inferred recipient payment deadline.", "lastMile": "Cash/first aid/water/outreach planned", "gap": "Re-test dry-heat misses and publish accessible fallback and trigger audit.", "idea": "Re-test dry-heat misses and publish accessible fallback and trigger audit.", "src": null } ], "Singapore": [ { "layer": "social", "holder": "Ministry of Manpower / employers and work injury insurers", "inst": "Singapore work injury compensation for work-related heat illness", "heat": "yes", "trigger": "Work-related illness with medical certification / compensable incapacity; No automatic numerical heat payout threshold verified", "speed": "Medical-leave wages due by next payday under MOM guidance; this is a rule, not observed heat-claim speed.", "lastMile": "Programme delivery/claim channel; actual heat-specific recipient clock not verified.", "gap": "Design/eligibility evidence does not establish actual heat claims, coverage of all eligible people, payment speed or welfare effect.", "idea": "Test a published heat-specific eligibility/action/payment protocol, with pre-authorized funds, accessible exceptions and independent recipient-timing and inclusion monitoring. This is a research proposal, not a current entitlement.", "src": null } ] }, "rules_by_country": [ { "country": "India", "authority": "IRDAI", "parametric": "Actual heat products documented separately; no general permission inferred for a new issuer.", "micro": "2024 product regulations repeal 2015 Micro Insurance Regulations; implementing circulars would ideally be checked.", "distribution": "SEWA operation observed; current authority for a new worker/mobile distributor not verified.", "protection": "Product governance and clear design requirements; heat-specific disclosure, complaint and data procedures require policy review.", "src": null }, { "country": "Bangladesh", "authority": "IDRA; Bangladesh Bank for bank distribution", "parametric": "Green Delta heat operation documented; blanket legal permission not verified.", "micro": "Dedicated current microinsurance distribution provisions not verified.", "distribution": "2023 bank corporate-agency route requires prior Bangladesh Bank approval; not permission for all worker groups or apps.", "protection": "Bank-channel safeguards in official guidelines; heat policy wording and refusal remedies not verified.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.bb.org.bd/mediaroom/circulars/brpd/dec202023brpd18e.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231227084537/https://www.bb.org.bd/mediaroom/circulars/brpd/dec202023brpd18e.pdf" } }, { "country": "Pakistan", "authority": "SECP", "parametric": "Sandbox route verified; general heat-product authorisation not verified.", "micro": "Official 2014 microinsurance rules catalogue is background; current consolidated amendments not verified.", "distribution": "Sandbox testing does not authorise unlimited mobile or worker-organisation sales.", "protection": "Controlled testing and supervisory review; heat-specific complaint and data arrangements not verified.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.secp.gov.pk/regulatory-sandbox/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260211051024/https://www.secp.gov.pk/regulatory-sandbox/" } }, { "country": "Maldives", "authority": "Maldives Monetary Authority; legal announcement from Presidency", "parametric": "", "micro": "Dedicated microinsurance permission not verified.", "distribution": "2025 Act establishes licensing for insurers and intermediaries; a worker group or app needs a valid route.", "protection": "Official announcement describes conduct and dispute-resolution framework; detailed heat clauses not reviewed.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/34780?term=0", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260405055815/https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/34780?term=0" } }, { "country": "Indonesia", "authority": "OJK", "parametric": "Product approval/reporting framework verified; heat-specific authorisation not verified.", "micro": "Microinsurance classification and heat eligibility require full product review.", "distribution": "POJK 8/2024 governs products and marketing channels including digital channels; not blanket worker-group authority.", "protection": "Product and channel governance verified; exact heat benefit and data redress clauses not verified.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Pages/POJK-8-Tahun-2024-Produk-Asuransi-dan-Saluran-Pemasaran-Produk-Asuransi.aspx", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260308125652/https://www.ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Pages/POJK-8-Tahun-2024-Produk-Asuransi-dan-Saluran-Pemasaran-Produk-Asuransi.aspx" } }, { "country": "Philippines", "authority": "Insurance Commission", "parametric": "Heat-specific permission not verified by the reviewed distribution circular.", "micro": "2016 framework supplements enhanced microinsurance framework; background pending amendment check.", "distribution": "Licensed microinsurance entities can contract innovative channels, subject to permitted functions and conduct.", "protection": "Framework assigns distribution responsibilities and consumer protections; not proof every worker organisation may sell.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.insurance.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CL2016_64.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240715101308/https://www.insurance.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CL2016_64.pdf" } }, { "country": "Thailand", "authority": "OIC", "parametric": "Controlled sandbox testing route; national heat-product permission not verified.", "micro": "Current heat-relevant microinsurance provisions not verified.", "distribution": "Innovation testing is supervised and limited; normal mobile/worker distribution permission requires separate review.", "protection": "Sandbox expressly retains consumer-protection objectives; full redress terms not reviewed.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://cit.oic.or.th/insurance-regulartory-sandbox", "archive": "" } }, { "country": "Malaysia", "authority": "Bank Negara Malaysia", "parametric": "", "micro": "Perlindungan Tenang is an accessible insurance/takaful initiative, not a heat mandate.", "distribution": "Selected banking/mobile and online routes described for participating products; not unrestricted permission.", "protection": "Programme emphasises simple products and claims; product exclusions and renewal terms remain material.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.bnm.gov.my/perlindungan-tenang", "archive": "" } }, { "country": "Singapore", "authority": "Monetary Authority of Singapore", "parametric": "", "micro": "Dedicated heat microinsurance framework not verified.", "distribution": "Worker/mobile permissions not determined by environmental-risk guidance.", "protection": "Heat policy sales, suitability and complaints require separate conduct review.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/development/sustainable-finance/regulatory-and-supervisory-approach", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261016014037/https://www.mas.gov.sg/development/sustainable-finance/regulatory-and-supervisory-approach" } }, { "country": "Vietnam", "authority": "Government / Ministry of Finance", "parametric": "", "micro": "Decree 21/2023 provides a microinsurance framework; operative metadata verified.", "distribution": "Exact eligible mutual/worker/mobile distribution clauses not verified.", "protection": "Full Vietnamese decree and later amendments require clause review; heat-specific duties not verified.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?classid=1&docid=207854&pageid=27160&typegroupid=4", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230913145950/https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=207854&classid=1&typegroupid=4" } }, { "country": "Cambodia", "authority": "Insurance Regulator of Cambodia", "parametric": "", "micro": "Government strategy reports adoption of microinsurance sub-decree.", "distribution": "Strategy reports insurtech sandbox and intermediary conduct measures; unrestricted worker/mobile permission not established.", "protection": "Strategy-level evidence of agent/broker conduct measures; operative heat-specific terms not verified.", "src": null }, { "country": "Brunei Darussalam", "authority": "BDCB", "parametric": "", "micro": "", "distribution": "Transparency guideline addresses authorised takaful operators/intermediaries; no general worker/mobile authority inferred.", "protection": "2019 takaful guideline, effective 2020, recommends clear, fair, non-misleading disclosure; do not extend automatically to all insurance.", "src": { "label": "guidance", "url": "https://cms.bdcb.gov.bn/storage/uploads/regulatories/17111192020994310.pdf", "archive": "" } } ], "actors": [ { "n": "SEWA", "side": "demand", "type": "worker_org", "role": "distributor in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://onebillionresilient.org/project/extreme-heat-protection-initiative/" }, { "n": "Climate Resilience Center", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "funder in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://onebillionresilient.org/project/extreme-heat-protection-initiative/" }, { "n": "Blue Marble", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://onebillionresilient.org/project/extreme-heat-protection-initiative/" }, { "n": "ICICI Lombard", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf" }, { "n": "Zurich Insurance Group", "side": "supply", "type": "reinsurer", "role": "reinsurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf" }, { "n": "HERA (then Climate Resilience for All)", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "funder in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf" }, { "n": "Swiss Re", "side": "supply", "type": "reinsurer", "role": "reinsurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf" }, { "n": "HERA", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "funder in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf" }, { "n": "National Insurance VimoSEWA Cooperative Ltd.", "side": "demand", "type": "worker_org", "role": "distributor in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.sewainsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Parametric-Heat-and-Rainfall-Insurance-for-Informal-Women-Workers.pdf" }, { "n": "IBISA Network", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.sewainsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Parametric-Heat-and-Rainfall-Insurance-for-Informal-Women-Workers.pdf" }, { "n": "Mahila Housing Trust", "side": "demand", "type": "partnership", "role": "aggregator in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf" }, { "n": "Credit cooperatives promoted by MHT", "side": "demand", "type": "worker_org", "role": "distributor in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf" }, { "n": "Go Digit Insurance", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.munichre-foundation.org/content/dam/munichre/foundation/publications/inclusive-insurance/2024-icii/ICII2024_Report_final.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./ICII2024_Report_final.pdf" }, { "n": "Global Parametrics", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.munichre-foundation.org/content/dam/munichre/foundation/publications/inclusive-insurance/2024-icii/ICII2024_Report_final.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./ICII2024_Report_final.pdf" }, { "n": "Howden India", "side": "supply", "type": "broker", "role": "broker in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.munichre-foundation.org/content/dam/munichre/foundation/publications/inclusive-insurance/2024-icii/ICII2024_Report_final.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./ICII2024_Report_final.pdf" }, { "n": "Natural Disaster Fund Technical Assistance Facility", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "funder in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.munichre-foundation.org/content/dam/munichre/foundation/publications/inclusive-insurance/2024-icii/ICII2024_Report_final.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./ICII2024_Report_final.pdf" }, { "n": "Go Digit", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/heatwave-triggers-insurance-payouts-to-indian-workers-2025-06-18/" }, { "n": "Jan Sahas", "side": "demand", "type": "worker_org", "role": "distributor in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/heatwave-triggers-insurance-payouts-to-indian-workers-2025-06-18/" }, { "n": "K.M. Dastur", "side": "supply", "type": "broker", "role": "broker in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/heatwave-triggers-insurance-payouts-to-indian-workers-2025-06-18/" }, { "n": "Bajaj General Insurance", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/download-documents/news/apr-2025/Press-Release-Bajaj-Allianz-General-Insurance-Unveils-ClimateSafe.pdf" }, { "n": "Agriculture Insurance Company of India", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1915851&lang=2®=48" }, { "n": "IBISA", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India, Bangladesh", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1915851&lang=2®=48" }, { "n": "AIMS Insurance Broking", "side": "supply", "type": "broker", "role": "broker in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1915851&lang=2®=48" }, { "n": "Malabar Regional Cooperative Milk Producers Union", "side": "demand", "type": "partnership", "role": "aggregator in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1915851&lang=2®=48" }, { "n": "HDFC ERGO", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock" }, { "n": "Stellapps", "side": "demand", "type": "partnership", "role": "aggregator in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock" }, { "n": "Godrej Agrovet", "side": "demand", "type": "partnership", "role": "aggregator in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock" }, { "n": "Green Delta Insurance", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Bangladesh", "url": "https://green-delta.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Annual-Report-2025.pdf" }, { "n": "APDS", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "aggregator in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Bangladesh", "url": "https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/corporates/green-delta-insurance-completes-bangladeshs-first-dairy-heat-index-insurance" }, { "n": "AXA Hong Kong", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Hong Kong SAR, China", "url": "https://www.axa.com.hk/en/article/axa-launches-pioneering-heatwave-parametric-insurance" }, { "n": "Asia Gate Insurance", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Iraq", "url": "https://insurancediwan.gov.iq/?p=68608&lang=en" }, { "n": "World Food Programme", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Iraq", "url": "https://wfpinnovation.medium.com/pre-arranged-financing-for-early-response-a-smarter-way-to-protect-lives-and-livelihoods-6fd9a837d398" }, { "n": "WRMS", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Iraq", "url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/wrms-and-wfp-launch-parametric-insurance-pilot-in-iraq-2025-03-03/" }, { "n": "SCOR", "side": "supply", "type": "reinsurer", "role": "reinsurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "France", "url": "https://www.scor.com/en/news/launch-heat-stress-protect-insurance-protect-dairy-income-climate-change" }, { "n": "ITK", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "France, United Kingdom", "url": "https://www.scor.com/en/news/launch-heat-stress-protect-insurance-protect-dairy-income-climate-change" }, { "n": "Skyline Partners", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "France, United Kingdom", "url": "https://www.scor.com/en/news/launch-heat-stress-protect-insurance-protect-dairy-income-climate-change" }, { "n": "NFU Mutual", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "distributor in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "United Kingdom", "url": "https://epi-prod.nfumutual.co.uk/globalassets/about-us/climate-transition-plan.pdf" }, { "n": "Markel", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "United Kingdom", "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/posts/markel-international_nfu-mutual-to-roll-out-markel-underwritten-activity-7067546441971294208-kYC8" }, { "n": "Gallagher", "side": "supply", "type": "broker", "role": "broker in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "United Kingdom", "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/posts/markel-international_nfu-mutual-to-roll-out-markel-underwritten-activity-7067546441971294208-kYC8" }, { "n": "Tokio Marine X", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Japan", "url": "https://www.tokiomarine-x.co.jp/faq/heatstroke-coverage.html" }, { "n": "AXA Climate", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Global", "url": "https://climate.axa/publications/parametric-insurance-closing-climate-protection-gaps/" }, { "n": "Descartes", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Global", "url": "https://descartesunderwriting.com/solutions/extreme-temperatures" }, { "n": "Arbol", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "United States", "url": "https://insurance.arbol.io/product/high-temperature" }, { "n": "Hillridge", "side": "supply", "type": "partnership", "role": "technical in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Australia", "url": "https://www.hillridge.com.au/faqs" }, { "n": "MSI Australia", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "insurer in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Australia", "url": "https://www.hillridge.com.au/blog-1/15/6/2021/hillridge-powers-australias-first-direct-real-time-agriculture-weather-insurance-platform" }, { "n": "Victor", "side": "supply", "type": "broker", "role": "broker in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "Australia", "url": "https://www.hillridge.com.au/blog-1/15/6/2021/hillridge-powers-australias-first-direct-real-time-agriculture-weather-insurance-platform" }, { "n": "Government of India", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "government in the cited heat product; legal responsibilities depend on the contract.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2304549&lang=1®=48" }, { "n": "CCRIF SPC / participating governments", "side": "platform", "type": "pool", "role": "Documented role in CCRIF regional sovereign risk pool; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Caribbean and Central America", "url": "https://www.ccrif.org/aboutus/ccrif-products?language_content_entity=en" }, { "n": "ARC Agency / ARC Ltd and participating governments", "side": "platform", "type": "pool", "role": "Documented role in African Risk Capacity operating portfolio; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "African Union member states", "url": "https://www.arc.int/news/amplifying-gender-epidemic-preparedness-improved-health-outcomes" }, { "n": "Proposed ARC-member adaptation financing vehicle", "side": "platform", "type": "pool", "role": "Documented role in ARC Extreme Climate Facility / Extreme Climate Index concept; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Africa", "url": "https://www.arc.int/sites/default/files/2021-09/XCF-Policy-Brief-Summary.pdf" }, { "n": "PCRIC / participating governments", "side": "platform", "type": "pool", "role": "Documented role in PCRIC regional sovereign cover, including Tonga drought; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Pacific Island countries", "url": "https://global-shield-solutions.org/2026/09/18/pcric-delivers-fifth-drought-payout-to-tonga-highlighting-the-importance-of-pre-arranged-finance-amid-el-nino-season/" }, { "n": "SEADRIF Initiative and Insurance Company", "side": "platform", "type": "pool", "role": "Documented role in SEADRIF regional platform / operating hazard portfolio; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "ASEAN+3 participating countries", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/hera-and-seadrif-partner-to-accelerate-solutions-to-extreme-heat-across-southeast-asia/" }, { "n": "Ministry of Finance, Lao PDR", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Lao PDR SEADRIF #PEOPLE sovereign policy, 2025–27; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Lao PDR", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia" }, { "n": "SEADRIF Insurance Company", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "Documented role in Lao PDR government–WFP aligned impact-trigger arrangement, 2026; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Lao PDR", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-delivers-us1-14-million-in-payouts-to-lao-pdr-government-and-wfp-in-five-business-days-following-heavy-rainfall-and-widespread-flooding/" }, { "n": "Lao Ministry of Finance", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Lao PDR–SEADRIF–FAO anticipatory drought extension sandbox; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Lao PDR", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-and-fao-launch-southeast-asias-first-anticipatory-drought-insurance-pilot-in-lao-pdr/" }, { "n": "Borrowing sovereign finance ministry", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in World Bank Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option framework; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Eligible World Bank borrowers", "url": "https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury/ibrd-financial-products/disaster-risk-management" }, { "n": "Government of Nepal / Ministry of Finance", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Nepal Cat DDO,2024; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Nepal", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/10/07/world-bank-approves-150-million-to-strengthen-nepal-s-disaster-response-and-resilience" }, { "n": "Republic of the Philippines / Bureau of the Treasury", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Philippines World Bank Cat DDO4,2021–23; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/11/17/wb-approves-credit-line-for-managing-risks-from-climate-change-natural-disasters-and-disease-outbreaks" }, { "n": "Borrowing/recipient governments", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in ADB Contingent Disaster Financing framework; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "ADB developing member countries", "url": "https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/801071/enhancing-cdf-and-csf.pdf" }, { "n": "Republic of the Philippines", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in ADB Philippines Second Disaster Resilience Improvement Program, 2025; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://www.adb.org/news/500-million-adb-loan-bolster-philippines-disaster-resilience" }, { "n": "Governments with pre-approved response project", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in ADB Rapid Resource Reprogramming and Deployment Option, 2026; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "ADB developing member countries", "url": "https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-new-emergency-financing-option-accelerate-crisis-response-across-asia-and-pacific" }, { "n": "Government of PNG / Department of Treasury", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in AIIB proposed PNG CPBF with Cat-DDO,project001062; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Papua New Guinea", "url": "https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/details/2025/proposed/independent-state-of-papua-new-guinea-growth-resilience-climate-policy-based-financing-cpbf-catastrophe-deferred-drawdown-option-cat-ddo.html" }, { "n": "Borrowing sovereign governments", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in IDB Contingent Credit Facility modalities; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Latin America and Caribbean borrowing members", "url": "https://www.iadb.org/en/how-we-can-work-together/public-sector/financing-offerings/contingent-credit-facility-natural-disaster-and-public-health-emergencies" }, { "n": "State governments / State Executive Committees", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in India State Disaster Response Funds, 2026–31; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" }, { "n": "Union government / Ministry of Home Affairs", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in India National Disaster Response Fund, 2026–31; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" }, { "n": "State Disaster Management Authorities / state governments", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in India State Disaster Mitigation Funds, 2026–31; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.in/files/policies_guidelines_document/OperationalGuidelinesforAdministrationoftheStateDisasterMitigationFundandNationalDisasterMitigationFundbasedontherecommendationsofSixteenthFinanceCommission2026-27to2030-31.pdf" }, { "n": "Union government / national mitigation approval machinery", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in India National Disaster Mitigation Fund, 2026–31; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://api.policyindex.ai/demo/loksabha_2026-08-03_ji4qva__lsapps_loksabhaquestions_annex_188_AU2541_Ql0SOe.pdf" }, { "n": "Government of Kerala / KSDMA / DDMAs", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Kerala SDMF heat mitigation and district heat-action funding; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/" }, { "n": "Government-owned NDRMF company", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Pakistan National Disaster Risk Management Fund; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Pakistan", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099043025065088914/pdf/P163924-1198a26c-a8fd-4623-ad86-016c71b2cd43.pdf" }, { "n": "Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief / district committees", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Bangladesh national and district Disaster Management Funds; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Bangladesh", "url": "https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/sites/unicef.org.bangladesh/files/2018-10/Disaster-Mgt-Act-2012-English.pdf" }, { "n": "Government of Nepal / NDRRMA and subnational governments", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Nepal central, provincial, district and local Disaster Management Funds; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Nepal", "url": "https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nep228597.pdf" }, { "n": "Treasury / NDRSC / district and divisional administrations", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Sri Lanka disaster-relief budget and NDRSC delivery channel; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Sri Lanka", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf" }, { "n": "Government / National Insurance Trust Fund / NDRSC", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Sri Lanka historical National Natural Disaster Insurance Scheme; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Sri Lanka", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2023_Sri-Lanka-Report.pdf" }, { "n": "National government / DBM and implementing agencies", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Philippines National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds" }, { "n": "Designated government agencies", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Philippines agency Quick Response Funds; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/calamity-and-quick-response-funds" }, { "n": "PSF Board / Treasury with LGUs and accredited community organisations", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Philippines People's Survival Fund; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://climate.gov.ph/peoples-survival-fund" }, { "n": "LGUs / local DRRM councils and finance offices", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Philippines Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Funds; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/58073" }, { "n": "Ministry of Finance / DDPM / provincial authorities", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Thailand emergency disaster-relief advances; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Thailand", "url": "https://law.disaster.go.th/help/download?id=inner_2741" }, { "n": "Ministry of Finance / BPDLH, coordinated with BNPB", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Indonesia Pooling Fund Bencana / IndoRisk; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Indonesia", "url": "https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/parb/en/pfb-2/" }, { "n": "National fund / provincial People's Committees", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Viet Nam national/provincial natural-disaster prevention and control funds; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Viet Nam", "url": "https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/vie212266.pdf" }, { "n": "Government / NCDM / Office of Council of Ministers", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Cambodia disaster-management budget and reserves; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Cambodia", "url": "https://disasterlaw.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/media/disaster_law/2020-08/Cambodia%20DM%20Law_English.pdf" }, { "n": "Quezon City Government", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Quezon City heat action plan and pilot-interventions procurement, 2026; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://quezoncity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/CONTRACT-GS-2609036.pdf" }, { "n": "Participating city governments; DOF-led pool design", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Philippine City Disaster Insurance Pool design / development; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://www.adb.org/publications/philippine-city-disaster-insurance-pool" }, { "n": "Government of Kerala / State Insurance Department", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Kerala proposed sovereign/BPL group parametric–indemnity scheme; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GO62026Risk-2.pdf" }, { "n": "NSDMA", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Nagaland state rainfall-parametric insurance lineage; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/2024/06/17/isf-continues-to-support-nagalands-climate-risk-insurance-program-with-further-premium-subsidy-support/" }, { "n": "Tata AIG", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "Documented role in Nagaland state rainfall-parametric insurance lineage; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/2024/06/17/isf-continues-to-support-nagalands-climate-risk-insurance-program-with-further-premium-subsidy-support/" }, { "n": "InsuResilience Solutions Fund", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "Documented role in Nagaland state rainfall-parametric insurance lineage; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/2024/06/17/isf-continues-to-support-nagalands-climate-risk-insurance-program-with-further-premium-subsidy-support/" }, { "n": "Bureau of the Treasury; government agencies and 25 provinces intended users", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Philippines sovereign/provincial parametric pilot, 2017–19; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf" }, { "n": "Republic of Philippines; World Bank issuer", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Documented role in Philippines World Bank catastrophe bond, 2019–22; eligibility boundary is in the scheme record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://www.dof.gov.ph/phl-cat-bond-triggers-payout/" }, { "n": "IFRC-DREF", "side": "supply", "type": "facility", "role": "Funds pre-approved EAP readiness and forecast activations.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://www.ifrc.org/happening-now/emergencies/anticipatory-pillar-dref" }, { "n": "Bangladesh Red Crescent Society", "side": "demand", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Owns Dhaka heat protocol and delivers assistance.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=724054" }, { "n": "Start Network / Start Ready", "side": "supply", "type": "facility", "role": "Pools pre-arranged NGO funds, including heat.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Start%20ready%20risk%20pool%202%20-%20Final.pdf" }, { "n": "People in Need / RAIN consortium", "side": "demand", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Implements Nepal heat SOP pilot.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://nepal.peopleinneed.net/en/from-forecast-to-early-action-how-the-rain-programme-acted-on-rising-heat-13033gp" }, { "n": "Nepal NDRRMA / AA Clinic", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Coordinates national AA framework; funded heat activation not verified.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://www.anticipation-hub.org/news/nepal-endorses-its-national-anticipatory-action-framework" }, { "n": "OCHA / Centre for Humanitarian Data", "side": "platform", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Coordinates collective triggers and technical support.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://centre.humdata.org/anticipatory-action/" }, { "n": "CERF", "side": "supply", "type": "facility", "role": "Finances UN anticipatory frameworks; cited operational design is flood, not heat.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://www.unicef.org/nepal/central-emergency-response-fund-anticipatory-action" }, { "n": "Food and Agriculture Organization / SFERA", "side": "supply", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "AA finance and agricultural support; heat-specific activation unverified.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://www.fao.org/emergencies/partners/en" }, { "n": "UNICEF", "side": "supply", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Child-sensitive anticipatory systems and service continuity; heat finance transaction unverified.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://www.unicef.org/documents/el-nino-2026-2027-protect-children-now-build-resilience" }, { "n": "Anticipation Hub", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "Curates protocols, learning and coordination; not a fund.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://www.anticipation-hub.org/who-we-are/about-us" }, { "n": "Vietnam Red Cross Society", "side": "demand", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Owns heat EAP; readiness constraints documented.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827691" }, { "n": "Myanmar Red Cross Society", "side": "demand", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Owns urban heat sEAP.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://www.anticipation-hub.org/Documents/EAPs/sEAP_Myanmar_Heatwave_2024.pdf" }, { "n": "Burkinabe Red Cross", "side": "demand", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Owns Ouagadougou heat sEAP.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=840522" }, { "n": "Hellenic Red Cross", "side": "demand", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Forecast heat outreach activation.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=839271" }, { "n": "Red Crescent Society of Kyrgyzstan", "side": "demand", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Forecast heat EAP activation.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://www.anticipation-hub.org/Documents/EAPs/EAP_activation_Kyrgyzstan_heatwave2025.pdf" }, { "n": "Peace by Youth", "side": "supply", "type": "research", "role": "Commissioned independent Jacobabad PDM.", "geo": "See cited programme geography", "url": "https://py.org.pk/publication/pdm-heatwave-jacobabad-2026" }, { "n": "Ministry of Rural Development and state governments", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Official May 2026 FAQ states MGNREGA repeal and successor commencement on 1 July 2026. Worksite water, shade and first-aid provisions are relevant to heat; automatic heat-stop wage replacement not established.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?ModuleId=4&NoteId=158511&lang=1®=3" }, { "n": "Rajasthan Department of Local Self Government / urban local bodies", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Official order catalogue lists April 2026 and April 2025 changes to working time and arrangements for heat/loo. It verifies an adaptation order, not its complete wage terms.", "geo": "India", "url": "" }, { "n": "Employees’ State Insurance Corporation", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "July 2024 parliamentary answer explicitly confirms sickness benefit when heatwave-related absence is medically certified and contribution conditions are fulfilled. November 2025 labour-code commencement changes the legal context.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2035277&lang=2®=48" }, { "n": "National Health Authority and state health agencies", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Assam official package catalogue includes heatstroke MG067/MG067A. This supports a treatment pathway, not automatic cash for hot weather or every outpatient heat illness.", "geo": "India", "url": "" }, { "n": "Benazir Income Support Programme", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Operator announcement reported a move from campsites to designated retail collection points from June 16, 2025 to reduce heat exposure. This changes delivery, not the entitlement amount.", "geo": "Pakistan", "url": "https://www.app.com.pk/national/bisp-to-launch-retail-based-payment-model-from-june-16/" }, { "n": "Department of Social Services / Ministry of Social Welfare", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Government-hosted analysis describes Old Age Allowance and social-protection delivery reform. No automatic heat-related increase or early payment was verified.", "geo": "Bangladesh", "url": "https://socialprotection.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/From-Strategy-to-Impact-An-Assessment-of-Bangladeshs-Social-Security-Policy-Support-Programme-and-its-Contribution-to-Gender-Inclusive-Development.pdf" }, { "n": "Employees’ Compensation Commission with SSS / GSIS", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Primary archived rules recognize heatstroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion associated with excessive heat/humidity. October 2026 DOLE indexed guidance clarifies work-related illness compensation; advisory text and transactions not fully inspected.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/11/48368" }, { "n": "CACOBATPH", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "ILO’s 2024–26 report identifies extreme heat among covered weather events and workers’/employers’ contributions financing wage replacement.", "geo": "Algeria", "url": "https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/reports/flagship/world_social_protection_report_2024-26/Chapter%2002.html" }, { "n": "INPS and applicable wage-integration funds", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "INPS July 2025 guidance addresses excessive heat, including perceived temperature and authority-ordered stoppages. The weather test supports an application; it is not automatic parametric payment.", "geo": "Italy", "url": "https://www.inps.it/it/it/inps-comunica/notizie/dettaglio-news-page.news.2025.07.integrazione-salariale-per-eccesso-di-caldo-indicazioni-dell-inps.html" }, { "n": "Ministry of Manpower / employers and work injury insurers", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "MOM heat-stress FAQ links occupational heat illness to reporting/compensation. WICA covers local and foreign employees under contracts of service, with stated exclusions.", "geo": "Singapore", "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/heat-stress-measures-for-outdoor-work/faqs-on-heat-stress-measures-for-outdoor-work" }, { "n": "Korea Energy Agency and responsible public authorities", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Official 2026 programme provides summer electricity bill deduction during July 1–September 30. Seasonal cooling support; no forecast-triggered top-up verified.", "geo": "Republic of Korea", "url": "https://www.energy.or.kr/front/conts/105001004002000.do" }, { "n": "Cabinet / relevant electricity and budget authorities", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "April 2023 government account explicitly links proposed bill relief to hot-season consumption. Cabinet sought Election Commission spending approval; this source does not establish completed credits.", "geo": "Thailand", "url": "https://thailand.prd.go.th/en/content/category/detail/id/48/iid/177054" }, { "n": "Government of Fiji with WFP", "side": "demand", "type": "partnership", "role": "WFP’s 2024 case study describes planned anticipatory cash delivered through national social-protection infrastructure. Non-heat direct model for reusing an existing system, not evidence of a heat benefit.", "geo": "Fiji", "url": "https://www.wfp.org/publications/2024-supercharging-social-protection-systems-anticipatory-cash-case-study-fijis" }, { "n": "e-Shram", "side": "platform", "type": "government", "role": "Registry and scheme-discovery infrastructure for unorganized workers. Registration is not itself a heat payment or proof of eligibility for every linked scheme.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://eshram.gov.in/faqs" }, { "n": "World Meteorological Organization", "side": "platform", "type": "government", "role": "Data availability, quality and timeliness monitoring; not financial claim adjudication.", "geo": "Global / transferable evidence", "url": "https://community.wmo.int/site/knowledge-hub/programmes-and-initiatives/wmo-integrated-global-observing-system-wigos/implementation-of-wmo-integrated-global-observing-system-wigos/wdqms-wigos-data-quality-monitoring-system" }, { "n": "ECMWF / Copernicus C3S", "side": "supply", "type": "research", "role": "Reanalysis, forecasts and revision-aware historical data.", "geo": "Global / transferable evidence", "url": "https://www.ecmwf.int/en/about/media-centre/news/2026/era5t-reanalysis-data" }, { "n": "NASA MODIS / LAADS", "side": "supply", "type": "government", "role": "Satellite LST products with quality flags and observation times.", "geo": "Global / transferable evidence", "url": "https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD11A1/" }, { "n": "India Meteorological Department", "side": "supply", "type": "government", "role": "Station-derived historical temperature grids; product inputs differ from full station network.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://imdpune.gov.in/cmpg/Griddata/Max_1_Bin.html" }, { "n": "MSS / NEA Singapore", "side": "supply", "type": "government", "role": "Measured WBGT data and heat-stress information.", "geo": "Singapore", "url": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_87884af1f85d702d4f74c6af13b4853d/view" }, { "n": "India NCDC / MoHFW", "side": "demand", "type": "government", "role": "Heat-illness surveillance and health-response planning.", "geo": "India", "url": "" }, { "n": "J-PAL", "side": "supply", "type": "research", "role": "Registered/funded evaluation description; impact results not established here.", "geo": "Global / transferable evidence", "url": "https://www.povertyactionlab.org/initiative-project/insuring-against-extreme-heat-randomised-evaluation" }, { "n": "CEGA", "side": "supply", "type": "research", "role": "Heat-support trial project description; results forthcoming.", "geo": "Global / transferable evidence", "url": "https://cega.berkeley.edu/collection/designing-financial-protection-against-heat-exposure-for-gig-workers-evidence-on-timing-certainty-and-repayment/" }, { "n": "WEO / ESA HotPay activity", "side": "supply", "type": "research", "role": "Feasibility of satellite-enabled heat-index service, not verified live insurance.", "geo": "Global / transferable evidence", "url": "https://business.esa.int/projects/hotpay" }, { "n": "World Bank research / Development Impact", "side": "supply", "type": "research", "role": "Drought transfer-timing trial and reproducibility evidence.", "geo": "Global / transferable evidence", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099739106042542554/pdf/IDU-91465f9e-0b3f-48d0-b44d-a79816d28283.pdf" }, { "n": "UC Davis MRR Innovation Lab", "side": "supply", "type": "research", "role": "Author-institution summary of drought insurance study.", "geo": "Global / transferable evidence", "url": "https://basis.ucdavis.edu/publication/paper-after-drought-impact-microinsurance-consumption-smoothing-and-asset-protection" }, { "n": "Descartes Underwriting", "side": "supply", "type": "mga", "role": "Markets bespoke corporate extreme-temperature cover; local carrier and permissions require placement checks.", "geo": "International; country availability contractual", "url": "https://descartesunderwriting.com/solutions/extreme-temperatures" }, { "n": "AXA Hong Kong and Macau", "side": "supply", "type": "insurer", "role": "Employer heatwave parametric offer; transferable lesson is simplified employer distribution.", "geo": "Hong Kong; design lesson only elsewhere", "url": "https://www.axa.com.hk/en/article/axa-launches-pioneering-heatwave-parametric-insurance" }, { "n": "Howden", "side": "supply", "type": "broker", "role": "Named broker partner in MHT heat placement.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://celsiuspro.squarespace.com/news-1/insuring-vulnerable-people-in-india-against-extreme-heat-events" }, { "n": "AIMS Insurance Brokers", "side": "supply", "type": "broker", "role": "Facilitated Kerala cattle heat product implementation.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1915851&lang=2®=48" }, { "n": "CelsiusPro", "side": "supply", "type": "modeller", "role": "Publishes technical group account of the MHT heat transaction.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://celsiuspro.squarespace.com/news-1/insuring-vulnerable-people-in-india-against-extreme-heat-events" }, { "n": "Natural Disaster Fund", "side": "platform", "type": "facility", "role": "Risk-capacity and technical-assistance source for MHT heat transaction.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://celsiuspro.squarespace.com/news-1/insuring-vulnerable-people-in-india-against-extreme-heat-events" }, { "n": "WEO", "side": "supply", "type": "modeller", "role": "HotPay satellite heat-index feasibility developer; not an issued insurance policy.", "geo": "India initial validation, Luxembourg", "url": "https://business.esa.int/projects/hotpay" }, { "n": "Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)", "side": "demand", "type": "worker_org", "role": "Organises informal women workers and heat-cover delivery.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association" }, { "n": "Mahila Housing Trust (MHT)", "side": "demand", "type": "worker_org", "role": "Heat-cover aggregation through women’s credit cooperatives.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://celsiuspro.squarespace.com/news-1/insuring-vulnerable-people-in-india-against-extreme-heat-events" }, { "n": "MILMA Malabar Regional Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union", "side": "demand", "type": "partnership", "role": "Dairy cooperative aggregation for cattle heat cover.", "geo": "Kerala, India", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1915851&lang=2®=48" }, { "n": "HERA (formerly Climate Resilience for All)", "side": "supply", "type": "humanitarian", "role": "Co-designs heat insurance and funds complementary cash and premium support.", "geo": "South and Southeast Asia, Africa, Americas", "url": "https://heranow.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Insurance-to-Impact.pdf" }, { "n": "The Rockefeller Foundation", "side": "supply", "type": "philanthropy", "role": "Announced support for the India heat pilot.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/the-rockefeller-foundation-announces-support-for-the-india-extreme-heat-income-insurance-initiative-as-part-of-the-global-climate-resilience-fund-for-women/" }, { "n": "Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center", "side": "platform", "type": "research", "role": "Partner in the announced India extreme-heat pilot.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/the-rockefeller-foundation-announces-support-for-the-india-extreme-heat-income-insurance-initiative-as-part-of-the-global-climate-resilience-fund-for-women/" }, { "n": "Howden Foundation", "side": "supply", "type": "philanthropy", "role": "Funded the additional cash layer in the India programme.", "geo": "India", "url": "https://www.howdengroupholdings.com/insights/pioneering-initiative-protects-women-workers-in-india-during-record-breaking-heatwave" }, { "n": "Humanity Insured", "side": "supply", "type": "philanthropy", "role": "Supports MHT and HERA heat programmes; project-specific subsidy schedules unpublished here.", "geo": "India, International", "url": "https://humanityinsured.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Building-Resilience-through-Protection-Humanity-Insured-Learning-Report-2025.pdf" }, { "n": "Swiss Capacity Building Facility (SCBF)", "side": "platform", "type": "facility", "role": "Supports heat-index product work; premium subsidy not established by named support.", "geo": "India, Bangladesh", "url": "https://www.scbf.ch/events/webinar---pioneering-heat-index-insurance-for-climate-exposed-workers-farmers" }, { "n": "World Bank", "side": "supply", "type": "mdb", "role": "DRFI advisory and financing architecture; heat eligibility requires transaction documents.", "geo": "Global", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/disaster-risk-financing-and-insurance-program" }, { "n": "Asian Development Bank", "side": "supply", "type": "mdb", "role": "Disaster finance loans, grants and technical assistance; no blanket heat drawdown entitlement.", "geo": "Asia and Pacific", "url": "https://www.adb.org/what-we-do/topics/disaster-risk-management/modalities-funding-opportunities" }, { "n": "Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank", "side": "supply", "type": "mdb", "role": "Climate-focused policy-based finance supports reforms; distinct from automatic heat payout cover.", "geo": "AIIB members", "url": "https://www.aiib.org/en/what-we-do/Climate-Focused-Policy-Based-Financing/index.html" }, { "n": "Global Shield against Climate Risks", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "Coordinates country support; not a risk carrier.", "geo": "Eligible partner countries", "url": "https://www.globalshield.org/about/financing-structure-global-shield/" }, { "n": "Global Shield Solutions Platform", "side": "platform", "type": "facility", "role": "Frankfurt School-hosted grant vehicle for country support packages.", "geo": "Eligible partner countries", "url": "https://www.globalshield.org/about/financing-structure-global-shield/" }, { "n": "Global Shield Financing Facility (GSFF)", "side": "platform", "type": "facility", "role": "World Bank-hosted financing vehicle reformed from GRiF.", "geo": "Eligible partner countries", "url": "https://www.globalshield.org/about/financing-structure-global-shield/" }, { "n": "Global Risk Financing Facility (GRiF): legacy identity", "side": "platform", "type": "facility", "role": "Historical predecessor of GSFF; not additional current capital.", "geo": "Global", "url": "https://www.globalshield.org/about/financing-structure-global-shield/" }, { "n": "CVF & V20 Joint Multi-Donor Fund", "side": "platform", "type": "facility", "role": "Complementary Global Shield vehicle hosted by UNOPS.", "geo": "Participating vulnerable countries", "url": "https://www.globalshield.org/about/financing-structure-global-shield/" }, { "n": "InsuResilience Global Partnership / Vision 2025", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "Legacy collaboration framework; Vision 2025 has concluded.", "geo": "Global", "url": "https://www.globalshield.org/news/vision-2025-concludes-with-report-on-six-years-of-collaborative-action-to-boost-financial-protection-for-the-most-vulnerable/" }, { "n": "V20 Sustainable Insurance Facility (SIF)", "side": "platform", "type": "facility", "role": "MSME insurance development platform; specific issued heat cover not verified.", "geo": "V20 economies", "url": "https://www.unepfi.org/the-v20-sustainable-insurance-facility/" }, { "n": "Insurance Development Forum (IDF)", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "Public-private risk-finance and modelling collaboration; not itself heat risk capital.", "geo": "Global", "url": "https://www.insdevforum.org/programmes/global-risk-modelling-alliance-grma/" }, { "n": "Global Risk Modelling Alliance (GRMA)", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "IDF–V20 public-good modelling and capacity programme.", "geo": "Vulnerable countries", "url": "https://www.insdevforum.org/programmes/global-risk-modelling-alliance-grma/" }, { "n": "Access to Insurance Initiative (A2ii)", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "Inclusive-supervision support; CGAP host and convenor since July 2025.", "geo": "Global", "url": "https://www.iais.org/2025/06/cgap-to-become-new-host-of-the-access-to-insurance-initiative-a2ii/" }, { "n": "International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS)", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "International supervisory standards and inclusion work; domestic permission remains national.", "geo": "Global", "url": "https://www.iais.org/2025/06/cgap-to-become-new-host-of-the-access-to-insurance-initiative-a2ii/" }, { "n": "Centre for Disaster Protection", "side": "platform", "type": "research", "role": "Technical support for UNDRR–NDMA heat-finance guidance.", "geo": "Global, India", "url": "https://www.undrr.org/publication/documents-and-publications/financing-heat-resilience" }, { "n": "InsuResilience Solutions Fund (ISF)", "side": "platform", "type": "facility", "role": "Product development and conditional premium support; distinct from Vision 2025.", "geo": "Eligible developing-country projects", "url": "https://insuresilience-solutions-fund.org/our-work/premium-financing-support/" }, { "n": "Vulnerable Twenty Group (V20)", "side": "platform", "type": "partnership", "role": "Member-government coalition behind SIF; heat-specific underwriting is not established by membership.", "geo": "V20 economies", "url": "https://www.unepfi.org/the-v20-sustainable-insurance-facility/" }, { "n": "IRDAI", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "India", "url": "" }, { "n": "Bangladesh Bank", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Bangladesh", "url": "https://www.bb.org.bd/mediaroom/circulars/brpd/dec202023brpd18e.pdf" }, { "n": "SECP", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Pakistan", "url": "https://www.secp.gov.pk/regulatory-sandbox/" }, { "n": "IRCSL", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Sri Lanka", "url": "https://ircsl.gov.lk/" }, { "n": "Maldives Monetary Authority", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Maldives", "url": "https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/34780?term=0" }, { "n": "OJK", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Indonesia", "url": "https://ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Pages/POJK-8-Tahun-2024-Produk-Asuransi-dan-Saluran-Pemasaran-Produk-Asuransi.aspx" }, { "n": "Insurance Commission, Philippines", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Philippines", "url": "https://www.insurance.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CL2016_64.pdf" }, { "n": "OIC", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Thailand", "url": "https://cit.oic.or.th/insurance-regulartory-sandbox" }, { "n": "Bank Negara Malaysia", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Malaysia", "url": "https://www.bnm.gov.my/perlindungan-tenang" }, { "n": "Monetary Authority of Singapore", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Singapore", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/development/sustainable-finance/regulatory-and-supervisory-approach" }, { "n": "Government / Ministry of Finance, Vietnam", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Vietnam", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?classid=1&docid=207854&pageid=27160&typegroupid=4" }, { "n": "Insurance Regulator of Cambodia", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Cambodia", "url": "" }, { "n": "BDCB", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Brunei Darussalam", "url": "https://cms.bdcb.gov.bn/storage/uploads/regulatories/17111192020994310.pdf" }, { "n": "Financial Regulatory Department", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Myanmar", "url": "https://www.frd.gov.mm/page-sub-categories/4" }, { "n": "Ministry of Finance insurance department, Lao PDR", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Lao PDR", "url": "https://soe.mof.gov.la/" }, { "n": "Banco Central de Timor-Leste", "side": "platform", "type": "regulator", "role": "Supervisory or legal framework relevant to insurance; heat-specific approval not established by this record.", "geo": "Timor-Leste", "url": "https://bancocentral.tl/publication/instruction/" } ], "evidence_of_effect": [ { "n": "SEWA / HERA HERInsura insurance and cash-assistance bundle", "place": "Ten districts in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India", "date": "2025 heat season; report available October 2026", "design": "External university-authored, HERA-commissioned, non-randomised post-only comparison; SEWA field interviews.", "result": "Programme participants reported better outcomes on some measures. Self-rated health means were 3.44 versus 2.91 on a five-point scale (table headers n=577 and 434). This is an association, not a causal insurance effect.", "status": "evaluated", "limits": "No random allocation or individual baseline; geographic, occupational and other differences; self-report; commissioned evaluation; insurance cannot be separated from cash assistance. Inconsistent table denominators require clarification.", "src": { "label": "George Washington University-authored / HERA-commissioned evaluation (2026), 2025 HERInsura", "url": "https://heranow.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/HERInsura-Pilot-Evaluation-Study.pdf", "archive": "" } }, { "n": "MHT heat-risk-insurance pilot", "place": "Ahmedabad, Vadodara and Surat, India", "date": "2024 pilot; report posted September 2026", "design": "Participant survey and focus groups; comparisons by location/training, without an untreated baseline.", "result": "Study documents awareness and payment experiences, with identification/bank matching and understanding of ERA5 versus local weather as practical issues.", "status": "measured", "limits": "No causal estimate of health, income, debt or work-rest effects. Paid subgroup differs from whole survey. Results cannot be extrapolated to all low-income workers.", "src": { "label": "MHT-hosted Heat Risk Insurance impact study, posted September 2026", "url": "https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261008075129/https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf" } }, { "n": "VimoSEWA heat and rainfall pilot documentation", "place": "India", "date": "December 2025 report on 2024 pilot", "design": "Programme/process documentation and staff interviews", "result": "Documents a heat pilot without insurance payment and implementation/communication lessons.", "status": "reported", "limits": "Not an independent causal outcome evaluation; heat and rainfall members would ideally be separated.", "src": { "label": "SEWA Cooperative Federation / VimoSEWA (December 2025), Parametric Heat and Rainfall Insurance", "url": "https://www.sewainsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Parametric-Heat-and-Rainfall-Insurance-for-Informal-Women-Workers.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260701200321/https://www.sewainsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Parametric-Heat-and-Rainfall-Insurance-for-Informal-Women-Workers.pdf" } }, { "n": "Philippines sovereign/provincial parametric insurance pilot", "place": "Philippines, 2017–19 policies", "date": "Review cutoff July 2020; evaluation report December 2020, published 2021", "design": "Implementation-partner evaluation by World Bank team with Kimetrica external contributions; desk review and key-informant interviews.", "result": "Contractual insurer/reinsurer payments were timely. At review cutoff, none of the three proceeds had been released onward from Treasury under the programme. Disagreement over allocation and positive basis risk was documented.", "status": "measured", "limits": "Not an independent household causal evaluation; other public financing may have met needs. No inference about current Philippine systems or eventual post-cutoff releases.", "src": { "label": "World Bank/Kimetrica: Philippines parametric pilot lessons, December 2020/2021 publication", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260109155955/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/600081624863743116/pdf/The-Philippines-Parametric-Catastrophe-Risk-Insurance-Program-Pilot-Lessons-Learned.pdf" } }, { "n": "First ADB Philippines Disaster Resilience Improvement Program", "place": "Philippines", "date": "2020–23 operation; IED validation December 2025", "design": "Independent Evaluation Department validation of programme completion report and records.", "result": "Documents January 2021 typhoon and April 2021COVID-19 disbursements. Validation supports the usefulness of contingent financing while identifying partial achievement and results-chain/indicator limits.", "status": "evaluated", "limits": "Fungible budget support cannot be treated as a tracked household cash transfer. No heat-specific drawdown, recipient payment latency or subgroup fairness estimate.", "src": { "label": "ADB Independent Evaluation Department: first Philippines DRIP validation, December 2025", "url": "https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/Evaluation%20Document/1110811/files/PVR%20L3968%20PHI%20Disaster%20Resilience%20Improvement%20Program_0.pdf", "archive": "" } }, { "n": "SEADRIF Lao government/WFP impact-triggered policies", "place": "Lao PDR", "date": "September 2025 and September 2026", "design": "Insurer transaction announcements; not an independent recipient survey.", "result": "2025 sovereign payment reported six business days after latest data;2026 first payments five business days, subsequent joint release two business days after updated report.", "status": "reported", "limits": "These clocks exclude time from harm to reporting and onward delivery. Affected-person counts are trigger inputs, not beneficiaries paid. No heat activation.", "src": { "label": "SEADRIF: additional government/WFP joint payouts, 4 September 2026", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-releases-additional-financing-as-lao-pdr-flood-impacts-grow-taking-total-payouts-to-us2-28-million/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260913012749/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-releases-additional-financing-as-lao-pdr-flood-impacts-grow-taking-total-payouts-to-us2-28-million/" } }, { "n": "Kerala SDMF cardamom heat mitigation", "place": "Kerala,India", "date": "2024", "design": "State disaster authority chronology, not independent outcome evaluation.", "result": "Departmental release for cardamom heat mitigation reported. Farmer receipt, completion, effect and distribution were not established in the cited source.", "status": "reported", "limits": "Not a household payout or proof of avoided heat loss.", "src": { "label": "KSDMA Heat Actions: departmental heat releases and district allocations", "url": "https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260519102627/https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/heat-actions/" } }, { "n": "CDF heat activation services", "place": "Jacobabad, Pakistan", "date": "Fieldwork 22–24 June 2026", "design": "External PDM commissioned by CDF; post-only mixed methods; independent data collection reported", "result": "214/240 (89.2%) found support useful before worsening heat; 28.8% knew feedback channel.", "status": "evaluated", "limits": "No untreated comparison or baseline; self-report/social-desirability risk; Garhi Khairo coverage limited. Service-use estimates are not unique people or clinical effects.", "src": { "label": "evaluated", "url": "https://py.org.pk/publication/pdm-heatwave-jacobabad-2026", "archive": "" } }, { "n": "Forecast-triggered warnings", "place": "Karachi, Pakistan", "date": "August 2020 survey; published 2021", "design": "Operator telephone post-project KAP survey; no comparison or pre-test", "result": "Only 9% judged messaging late/too late; social media important. No demonstrated reduction in clinical heat illness.", "status": "measured", "limits": "SMS-recipient frame, recall and male-selection bias; multiple May activation dates and lead-time clocks in source need reconciliation.", "src": { "label": "measured", "url": "https://heathealth.info/wp-content/uploads/Knowledge__attitude_and_practice_around_heatwaves_in_Karachi__following_a_forecast-based_heatwave_messaging_project..pdf", "archive": "" } }, { "n": "Pilot heat SOP", "place": "Gaur, Siraha, Jaleshwar, Nepal", "date": "June 2025 activation; November 2025 learning", "design": "Practitioner post-action consultations; sample/baseline not disclosed", "result": "Learning identifies value of local health volunteers but could not link pilot thresholds to health effects.", "status": "reported", "limits": "Short event, incomplete impact data; article/slide delivery counts differ; no counterfactual or fiscal-effect measurement.", "src": null }, { "n": "Dhaka heat cash", "place": "Dhaka, Bangladesh", "date": "2024 activation; March 2025 final reporting", "design": "Operator delivery report/PDM; indexed extract only", "result": "Actual delivery reported; uses include essentials. No verified causal estimate of morbidity or work-exposure reduction.", "status": "reported", "limits": "Exact receipt dates, comparison and full PDM methods not retrieved.", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.ifrc.org/appeal/bangladesh-heatwave-eap-mdrbd032", "archive": "" } }, { "n": "Approved heat EAP readiness", "place": "Hanoi, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Viet Nam", "date": "2022–23 experience, annual report 2024", "design": "Operator implementation review", "result": "No activation in reported years; forecast-service contracts, internal approvals and equipment upkeep affected readiness.", "status": "reported", "limits": "Does not establish 2024–26 activation history or infer absent heat harm.", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827691", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260902025202/https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827691" } }, { "n": "WFP/CERF anticipatory cash, non-heat delivery model", "place": "Jamuna River, Bangladesh", "date": "July 2020; summary August 2021", "design": "Operator summary of independent CDP/Oxford evaluation; full study not reviewed", "result": "Summary reports transfers as early as four days before critical flooding and better welfare outcomes.", "status": "evaluated", "limits": "Flood evidence cannot establish heat effects. As-early-as timing is not all recipients; 2019 comparison is not a same-year randomized baseline.", "src": { "label": "evaluated", "url": "https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000130799/download/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230326020600/https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000130799/download/" } }, { "n": "Heat-related shift from campsite to retail cash collection", "place": "Pakistan", "date": "June 2025", "design": "Operator announcement reported by government news agency", "result": "Heat-motivated retail model announced for June 16; observed beneficiary payment time, exposure reduction and distributional effect not established.", "status": "reported", "limits": "APP used because operator page inaccessible. No causal comparison, receipt ledger or independently measured heat outcome.", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.app.com.pk/national/bisp-to-launch-retail-based-payment-model-from-june-16/", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250616065521/https://www.app.com.pk/national/bisp-to-launch-retail-based-payment-model-from-june-16/" } }, { "n": "Earlier versus lean-season cash after drought", "place": "Tagazar, Imanan and Dantchandou, Niger", "date": "2022 intervention; 2025 paper", "design": "Three-arm cluster RCT; same total assistance, different timing/size schedules; all arms receive cash", "result": "Larger early transfers improved pre-lean-season food security/consumption and yielded higher combined pre-lean/lean welfare. Traditional timing had advantages during the lean season. No persistent welfare differences after the lean season or nine months later; no discernible livelihood impact.", "status": "measured", "limits": "Drought and agricultural season, not heat; no untreated arm. Earlier-than-lean-season cash was after rainfall failure, not before drought onset. Research partnership is not claimed as an independent external evaluation.", "src": { "label": "measured", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099739106042542554/pdf/IDU-91465f9e-0b3f-48d0-b44d-a79816d28283.pdf", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260324094434/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099739106042542554/pdf/IDU-91465f9e-0b3f-48d0-b44d-a79816d28283.pdf" } }, { "n": "Index-based livestock insurance and drought coping", "place": "Rural Kenya", "date": "2019 journal publication; historical drought experiment", "design": "RCT-based insurance study with asset-threshold analysis; reviewed author-institution summary only", "result": "Authors report less costly coping, with differences by household wealth.", "status": "measured", "limits": "Full outcome definitions, sample and exact effect estimates not verified here, so numerical effects withheld. Not heat, human-health insurance or a comparison with public cash; basis risk and take-up remain relevant.", "src": { "label": "measured", "url": "https://basis.ucdavis.edu/publication/paper-after-drought-impact-microinsurance-consumption-smoothing-and-asset-protection", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250613145421/https://basis.ucdavis.edu/publication/paper-after-drought-impact-microinsurance-consumption-smoothing-and-asset-protection" } }, { "n": "SEWA heat-insurance/cash bundle", "place": "India", "date": "2024–2025 experience described in May 2026 case study", "design": "Institutional qualitative case study", "result": "Reported spending on household and health needs; no counterfactual estimate of health, debt, schooling or work-decision impact.", "status": "reported", "limits": "Illustrative accounts cannot establish causal welfare effects; insurance and non-insurance support would ideally remain separate.", "src": { "label": "reported", "url": "https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260524065149/https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association" } } ], "not_verified": [ { "item": "Sovereign parametric heat insurance and heat catastrophe-bond deals", "why": "No executed heat-specific contract, premium, trigger schedule or payment verified; category retained only as concept/direct-model comparison.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Generic business interruption or cattle mortality policies as confirmed heat cover", "why": "Heat-specific operative wording and claim record not verified; do not assume heat or milk-yield loss is covered.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "InRisk Gujarat milk-union sample policy as an issued transaction", "why": "Provider labels terms as a sample; no policy year, issued policy or payout corroboration. Monetary schedule excluded.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Ushma Kavach numerical thresholds, enrolment, premiums and payments", "why": "Primary blog confirms product purpose and launch but not these transaction fields.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "SEWA money figures without a reproducible original-currency/FX record", "why": "Reviewed case study's conversions do not establish each historical transaction rate. Monetary amounts withheld; distinct programme years retained.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "SEWA 2025 low-loss-ratio and cash-threshold comparisons", "why": "Case study uses different cash-threshold descriptions across passages. No reconciled schedule or denominator admitted.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Bangladesh EAP budget as paid cash", "why": "Activation budget is not payout or disbursement. Budget USD conversion not verified; financial amounts withheld.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Bangladesh reach counts pooled across different sources", "why": "People, households, cash recipients, service contacts and awareness reach differ. IFRC cash-recipient statement retained as reported, not added to other denominators.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Start Ready RP5 dashboard financial amount and reach totals", "why": "Readable page does not identify currency alongside amount; reach values vary across indexed/retrieved versions and may include outreach. No combined paid-recipient total or converted financial amount admitted.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Start Pakistan historical GFS trigger as the RP5 2026 trigger", "why": "A historical design source cannot establish current thresholds, verifier or lead time.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Jamaica announced full payout as settled cash", "why": "Reviewed issuer notice says the government will receive funds. Bank-confirmed receipt and days-to-cash not verified.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Current India heatwave SDRF eligibility", "why": "Search index and retrieved MHA page disagree; other official guidance says heat was not nationally notified. Current dated notification and state norms required before asserting entitlement.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "CACOBATPH precise contribution rates, eligibility and repayment deadlines", "why": "Administrator page returned 502 on direct retrieval. ILO's accessible account supports existence only; granular figures excluded.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Philippine statutory disaster-fund percentages as current verified heat finance", "why": "Official law mirror returned 403; current amendments, implementing rules and heat use not verified.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Latest Asian protection-gap figures from an unreadable Swiss Re page", "why": "Only indexed text available; older accessible sigma report used instead, with scope and year explicit.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Heat-health results/outcome-payment deal", "why": "IFC supports the financing concept for sustainable cooling, not an identified outcome contract paying for avoided heat illness/deaths.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "UNDRR 2026 report detailed case-study claims", "why": "Landing page accessible but download resolved to a download-interstitial page; only landing-page summary used.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Independent effects of heat-insurance payments", "why": "No completed independent causal effect estimate verified. J-PAL project description is not evaluation results.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "Other global leads", "why": "Senegal CREWS heat work, MENA insurance diagnostics, Brazil anticipatory-social-protection assessments and Indonesia coffee insurance were discovered but not admitted as verified heat payout schemes.", "module": 1 }, { "item": "SEWA 2024 two-day threshold range", "why": "CGAP and ILO give different ranges. Full schedule is not verified; neither range is presented as definitive.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "SEWA 2024 cash threshold", "why": "ILO and HERA accounts differ. Cash assistance is distinct from insurance; thresholds cannot be reconciled without the governing rules.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "SEWA 2024 maximum heat benefit", "why": "A stated cap and reported maximum individual receipt differ in the institutional account; cap withheld.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "SEWA 2025 aggregate reach and total payments", "why": "Different sources use different product/year populations. Product-year counts and multi-peril totals are not added or labelled heat-only.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "VimoSEWA heat insurer and current contract", "why": "Acknowledgements span multiple partners/perils. Exact heat carrier and final revised schedule not established. A discontinued ICMIF link returned 410.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "VimoSEWA current pause", "why": "Pause is reported in July 2026 news; newer primary operator confirmation not found.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "MHT threshold consistency", "why": "Report overview and recommendation wording differ slightly for Vadodara. Overview table retained; signed schedule not retrieved.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Jan Sahas 2026 expansion / Mumbai humidity trigger", "why": "News leads found; current named policy schedule and paid-claims record not verified. Not merged into the 2025 record.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "ClimateSafe retail legal wording", "why": "Available commercial parametric wording is not confirmed as the retail ClimateSafe contract. No transfer of exclusions or UIN between the two.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Bangladesh detailed geography and pricing", "why": "Annual report settlement milestone is verified, but complete service geography, premium, threshold and receipt latency remain unresolved.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Ushma Kavach distinct population", "why": "Brand existence verified; overlap with earlier IBISA dairy products cannot be excluded. No extra beneficiaries inferred.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Heat-only Iraq payout", "why": "WFP reports combined drought/heat results. Heat attribution, exact payment dates and recipient receipt latency not verified.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Heat-only RWBCIS enrolment and claims", "why": "Framework covers extreme temperature but overall agricultural-insurance claims cannot establish heat coverage or heat payments.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Vietnam Hillridge / MSIG / irrigation bundle", "why": "Drought/rainfall and irrigation partnership leads found. An explicit insured high-temperature trigger was not verified; excluded from core heat insurance list.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Arbol example schedule", "why": "High-temperature page contains inconsistent hurricane-related example content. Overview retained; example thresholds and amounts withheld.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Anonymous commercial case values", "why": "No adequately dated transaction schedule and original-currency valuation for illustrative energy-sector case; monetary figures withheld.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "HomeNet Thailand carrier and benefit cap", "why": "Programme source does not identify an insurer and has inconsistent duration wording. Kept as related initiative, not confirmed licensed insurance.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "eSewa legal classification and payment", "why": "Wallet protection plan exists, but insurer, contract and actual benefit credits not verified.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "HERA pregnancy, Los Angeles and regional expansion", "why": "Announcements and programme expansion do not establish issued cover or paid claims in each place.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Prospective randomised evidence", "why": "J-PAL describes a randomised-evaluation project; completed results were not located. It is not counted as an evaluated insurance effect.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "GW evaluation denominators", "why": "Headline and some tabulations are inconsistent; item denominators cannot all be reconstructed. No recalculation or causal effect size asserted.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "Prayas historical trigger analysis", "why": "Backtesting an unnamed product is useful for design scrutiny but is not a paid-claims history or evidence that all providers share the same basis risk.", "module": 2 }, { "item": "India response-guideline PDF mismatch", "why": "The response-labelled MHA catalogue link retrieved mitigation-cover text. Official parliamentary PDF confirms heat inclusion; detailed 2026 response entitlements and individual spending caps remain unverified.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "India stale web summary", "why": "Retrieved web body retains 2021–26 list while search index shows 2026 additions. Current parliamentary and mitigation documents take precedence.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "India NDRF/NDMF current heat releases", "why": "No complete nationwide heat-specific disbursement and recipient receipt series verified; all-hazard allocations are not heat spending.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "SDMF versus NDMF limits", "why": "Reviewed SDMF single-hazard/non-structural caps are not automatically applied to national mitigation fund.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Kerala 2026 district allocation denominator", "why": "Published amount lacks unambiguous per-district/aggregate scope; numerical 2026 allocation withheld.2024 departmental release remains a separate verified entry.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "ARC operating heat product", "why": "Dedicated issued heat cover not identified in operating product evidence. Infectious-disease cover is not general heat-health insurance.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "ARC XCF issuance and financing", "why": "Design, example premium and historical simulated payouts do not verify an issued bond, capital commitment or actual payment. Background timelines are stale.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "CCRIF heat product and current drought schedule", "why": "Current product list contains no heat product; older FAQ exploration is not issuance. No dated specific heat launch verified.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "PCRIC current heat schedule", "why": "Drought operation and payments verified through current funder account; no temperature/heat endorsement or heat plan verified. Annual report retrieval hit a verification page.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "SEADRIF accelerator", "why": "Development pipeline is not issued sovereign heat cover, enrolled people or paid benefits.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Lao annual tiers and second 2026 institutional split", "why": "Year-specific reported thresholds differ; full policy schedules not retrieved. Second joint payment is not allocated between government/WFP by assumption.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Lao drought sandbox payment", "why": "No actual sandbox payout or heat extension verified; earlier flood payments are not drought-sandbox payments.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Heat/temperature catastrophe bonds", "why": "No issued public-holder catastrophe bond or ILS with explicit heat/temperature trigger verified in this search. XCF is concept only; catastrophe/green bonds without heat risk-transfer terms are not counted as heat insurance.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "World Bank heat drawdowns", "why": "No heat-linked Cat-DDO drawdown verified; health-emergency eligibility alone does not prove heat qualifies under each agreement.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Philippines Cat DDO4 chronology", "why": "Operator account describes postRai disbursement; indexed IEG review gives later full-disbursement chronology. Definitive exact tranches/credit dates withheld pending reconciliation.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "ADB/IDB exact heat clauses", "why": "Generic CDF/CCF scope is not a country-specific heat approval. Current signed loan clauses and heat drawdowns not verified.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "AIIB PNG proposed total", "why": "Proposed full CPBF programme amount is not an approved Cat-DDO balance; contingent component separately not verified.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Pakistan NDRMF current liquid heat reserve", "why": "Audited investment/grant entity would ideally not be conflated with NDMA relief funds or new proposed facilities. No heat-specific reserve/last-mile payout verified.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Bangladesh 2021 fund-rule detail", "why": "Law explicitly includes heat and funds; current operational heat release/claim rules require full 2021 rule review.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Nepal 2079 procedure details", "why": "Scanned procedural PDF retrieved but detailed translation not verified. Statutory heat inclusion and fund structure are separately supported.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Sri Lanka current heat relief and NNDIS restart", "why": "Detailed 2026 relief circular retrieval was incomplete. Feasibility study says NNDIS discontinued from April 2020; no later heat endorsement or restart verified.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Thailand 2025/2026 current clauses", "why": "Updated rule titles located, full current emergency-advance and heat eligibility clauses not reviewed.2019 rules are not presented as current.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Indonesia PFB heat eligibility/capital", "why": "General structure and roadmap verified; no explicit heat eligibility, current audited liquid size or heat disbursement attributed. State-asset premiums are not household heat benefits.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Viet Nam amended contribution/spending rules", "why": "Heat recognition verified by 2020 law;2025/2026 amendments mean original 2021 contribution shares/caps cannot be assumed current.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Cambodia heat release and current reserve", "why": "General budget/reserve duties verified; explicit heat procedure, current available amount and cash-to-person history not verified.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "City pool issuance and climate budgets", "why": "Design/public-policy support does not verify issued city policies or heat insurance. A whole climate budget would ideally not be reported as dedicated heat-risk finance.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Quezon City commitment and fund code", "why": "Signed heat contract verifies commitment, not payment or outcomes. Funding-account attribution between code and tender descriptions requires reconciliation.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Nagaland policy versions", "why": "Tata AIG pilot/support lineage not merged with newer SBI-labelled reporting. Observed temperature/humidity data do not establish insured heat peril.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "Philippines pilot minor source discrepancies", "why": "Main text and appendix differ slightly on first payout amount and event date. Appendix amount used; six-week first event interval treated as approximate. Later household/LGU outcome not inferred beyond July 2020.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "CCRIF cumulative totals and dated marketing", "why": "Different retrieved page versions show different cumulative totals/member descriptions; no aggregate financial/reach count imported. Product-specific terms take precedence.", "module": 3 }, { "item": "CERF heat-specific operational framework", "why": "No endorsed heat-specific financial protocol/activation verified; mixed-hazard portfolio totals omitted.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "WFP heat-triggered cash activation", "why": "No verified heat-only release ledger found; portfolio-wide results are not heat results.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "FAO heat-specific SFERA allocation", "why": "AA allocations exist, but no explicit heat-trigger transaction verified.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "UNICEF heat finance activation", "why": "Guidance verified; triggered heat grant, threshold and transaction not verified.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "RAIN provincial heat EAP adoption in 2026", "why": "Planned in 2025 slides; signed 2026 provincial protocol and appropriation not verified.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Nepal national heat financing entitlement", "why": "National framework endorsement reported; government text timed out, detailed legal authority and funded heat rule not verified.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Start RP5 monetary total and unique reach", "why": "Public dashboard lacks currency in amount field and has markedly different protection/reach fields; repeated plan-page totals would ideally not be summed.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Start RP2 unique direct recipients", "why": "Internal report counts differ; do not choose or add them.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "BDRCS exact receipt dates and final PDM methods", "why": "Primary indexed extract confirms delivery; full final PDF not parsed.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Myanmar actual activation/payout through check date", "why": "Design verified; no activation report verified in this review.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Burkina Faso actual activation through check date", "why": "Protocol and update listing verified; completed activation ledger not retrieved.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Vietnam 2024–26 non-activation/closure", "why": "2026 news suggests project closure and non-activation, but primary final report not retrieved. Do not extend 2022–23 finding.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Kyrgyzstan 2025 actual reach and spending", "why": "Activation targets/budget verified; completion not verified.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Greece actual expenditure and unique direct reach", "why": "Final report exists but full file unparsed; mass-media audience not counted as direct service recipients.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "ADRA India pre-agreed forecast finance", "why": "Programme exists; threshold, released amount, funding source and payment times not verified.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Other city/national heat warning plans", "why": "Warning or seasonal public expenditure alone does not establish pre-agreed forecast-released money.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "MENA and Latin America heat-specific operational grants", "why": "Search identified planning, awareness and multi-hazard/drought action, but no additional heat forecast-linked transaction meeting inclusion rule.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Heat-related mortality/livelihood effects", "why": "No reviewed counterfactual evaluation isolated causal effects of pre-agreed heat finance.", "module": 4 }, { "item": "Actual heat-payment ledger", "why": "For ESI, PM-JAY, ECP, CACOBATPH, CIGO and WICA, no verified heat-specific recipient count, paid aggregate, receipt date or trigger-to-money-in-hand distribution was located. This is not evidence that no claims were paid.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "India rural summer allowance", "why": "Current uniform summer allowance, heat-stop full wages and Rajasthan/AP rural reduced-task entitlements not verified from primary current orders; excluded as benefit claims.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "India transition implementation", "why": "Detailed state schemes and heat-specific wage protection after July 2026; current ESI contribution/waiting rules under the labour-code transition require full primary verification.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Rajasthan urban signed heat order", "why": "Order existence verified in catalogue; attachment, exact working hours and pay-preservation terms not retrieved.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Delhi construction-welfare summer kits", "why": "Procurement lead and heat advisory found, but completed distribution, actual paid value and coverage not verified. No construction-board heat cash programme admitted.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Delhi construction-ban cash", "why": "Air-pollution stoppage compensation is not evidence of a heat payment; excluded from heat totals.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Bangladesh current allowance rate", "why": "Current FY2026–27 rate, primary eligibility rules and any automatic heat top-up not verified. Historical rate in analytical report not used as current benefit.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Brazil Bolsa Família Instruction 55", "why": "Official catalogue verifies the August 2026 instruction's existence. Heat-specific sanction-relaxation details found in a legal mirror were not verified against accessible primary full text; excluded from scheme table.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Thailand completed 2023 bill credits", "why": "Reviewed source records approval-seeking proposal, not completed credits; paid status and recipient totals not verified.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Korea heat-driven frontloading", "why": "A news lead suggested a 2025 timing change; primary confirmation not verified. Current seasonal benefit is verified separately.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Algeria current parameters and payments", "why": "Exact current wage fraction, qualifying hours, geographic coverage, contributions and reported local heat payment figures not fully verified in accessible primary documents; omitted.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Fiji current activation", "why": "2024 design verified; full protocol, current status, activation/payment history and any heat extension not verified.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Direct comparison with insurance", "why": "No reviewed heat-specific head-to-head evaluation establishes a social-protection route as cheaper, faster and more inclusive than a new insurance product.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Additional country leads", "why": "No verified heat-triggered national cash top-up was established here for Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia or Vietnam. Absence from this bounded review is not evidence of absence.", "module": 5 }, { "item": "Unreconciled Bangladesh workdays", "why": "Report states 25 million; launch release states 250 million for 2024. No reconciled workday estimate admitted.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "WBGT payout examples", "why": "No issued measured- or modelled-WBGT heat-finance payout verified; Singapore monitoring/action is not payment.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "UTCI payout example", "why": "Dataset availability and physiological relevance do not establish an issued UTCI payout.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "LST payout example", "why": "HotPay is feasibility work; no issued policy, premium or paid trigger verified.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Night-only or excess-mortality heat payout", "why": "No verified standalone hot-night or heat-excess-mortality payment admitted.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Probability-based heat payment", "why": "Albania protocol lead found in indexed PDF, but full text was not readable; numerical probability rule withheld. Dhaka forecast threshold is verified separately.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "SEWA complete trigger data and disputes", "why": "Physical satellite variable, exact named dataset/version, full benefit curve and independent calculation/dispute terms not established from public case summary. Generic ICICI wording is not the SEWA schedule.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "SEWA timing reconciliation", "why": "2026 case study reports two–three weeks for the second pilot; 2025 research slides describe four–six weeks. Different periods/samples/clocks; no pooled mean or universal promise.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "SEWA achieved evaluation sample and impact results", "why": "J-PAL planned village count differs from 2025 presentation count. No reconciled achieved sample or final causal results verified.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Delhi gig-worker trial results", "why": "Project design verified; results explicitly forthcoming. Treatment descriptions are not paid-benefit or effectiveness evidence.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Health-cost monetary scope", "why": "Vietnam model price-base/heat-only scope not sufficiently resolved; China stroke abstract lacks identified city, observation years and sample. Exact monetary/effect claims excluded from main table.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Public-spending loss series", "why": "No comparable event-coded audited heat-attributable public-expenditure series verified in reviewed Asian sources. Budgeted plans are not fiscal losses.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Current Asia station density", "why": "No consistent regional denominator, hourly variable-complete usable-station count or audited uptime computed. IMD product-input count would ideally not be described as the national total.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Crop field-loss extrapolation and dates", "why": "Pot treatment does not establish national field loss; paper's stated seasons and sowing-year text differ. National loss extrapolation excluded.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Kenya detailed effect and coverage", "why": "Full study sample/outcome definitions and current product terms not verified from reviewed author summary. Numerical treatment effects and present-day premiums withheld.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Dhaka actual cash clock", "why": "Activation verified, but this R6 source set does not verify recipient cash amounts/dates. Protocol targets and budget lines are not payouts.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Premium and sovereign-cover effects of undercount", "why": "Direction and magnitude of premium/sovereign liability changes depend on contract, exposure and model; no quantified causal premium effect verified.", "module": 6 }, { "item": "Nepal operative index-insurance and digital clauses", "why": "NIA directive catalogue was indexed, but full text repeatedly timed out. Index-Based Insurance Directive 2082 is a retrieval lead, not a legal finding.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Bhutan current heat/micro/mobile rules", "why": "RMA catalogue and insurance PDF retrieval timed out; old indexed rules cannot establish current permission.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Afghanistan current insurance permission and consumer rules", "why": "MoF insurance page returned only a loading shell; old search listing is not an operative legal text.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Lao PDR detailed insurance clauses", "why": "Official department verified but operative text not exposed.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Timor-Leste heat and mobile distribution provisions", "why": "Instructions catalogue read; individual licensing and conduct clauses not reviewed.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Myanmar consolidated current product/distribution rules", "why": "Catalogue read; later amendments and implementation not consolidated.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Sri Lanka explicit heat/index and dedicated microinsurance permission", "why": "Official portal establishes supervisory context, not specific operative permission.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Swiss Re Foundation as payer of Asian heat premiums", "why": "Commercial Swiss Re capacity, SCBF support and Swiss Re Foundation are different institutional claims.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "MHT detailed 2026 premium, thresholds and payouts", "why": "News and secondary leads not reconciled with a current policy schedule or primary settlement record. No amounts imported.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "KM Dastur / Jan Sahas / Go Digit additional city transaction", "why": "Primary contract, trigger and settlement documentation not retrieved.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "IAIS 2025 climate application-paper detailed clauses", "why": "PDF retrieval timeout; no specific clause imported. IAIS institutional role is separately sourced.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "HERA Materna issued policy / premium / payout", "why": "June 2026 announcement specifies intended first heat season in 2027. Do not report as a paying scheme.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "SEADRIF accelerator insured limit / issued heat policy / heat payout", "why": "October 2026 development announcement is not a transaction or settlement record.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Worldwide absence of capacity for heat mortality, clinics or cities", "why": "A public-source search cannot establish global non-existence; private placements may not be disclosed.", "module": 7 }, { "item": "Independent effect of the admitted premium subsidies on heat illness or income", "why": "Operational reports do not establish a counterfactual causal impact.", "module": 7 } ], "sources": [ { "label": "World Bank: disaster risk finance and insurance", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/disaster-risk-finance-and-insurance", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260711021238/https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/disaster-risk-finance-and-insurance", "module": 1 }, { "label": "World Bank (2020): Adaptive Social Protection", "url": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/579641590038388922/pdf/Adaptive-Social-Protection-Building-Resilience-to-Shocks.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 1 }, { "label": "CGAP (May 2026): SEWA climate and health case study", "url": "https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260524065149/https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/confronting-climate-and-health-nexus-lessons-self-employed-womens-association", "module": 1 }, { "label": "AXA: Heatwave Parametric Insurance launch", "url": "https://www.axa.com.hk/en/article/axa-launches-pioneering-heatwave-parametric-insurance", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260316183550/https://www.axa.com.hk/en/article/axa-launches-pioneering-heatwave-parametric-insurance", "module": 1 }, { "label": "IBISA (2025): Ushma Kavach", "url": "https://www.ibisa.network/en/blog/ushma-kavach-a-climate-resilient-shield-for-indias-dairy-farmers", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260618043356/https://www.ibisa.network/en/blog/ushma-kavach-a-climate-resilient-shield-for-indias-dairy-farmers", "module": 1 }, { "label": "IFRC (21 April 2024): Bangladesh Heatwave EAP activation", "url": "https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827319", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260215142618/https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=827319", "module": 1 }, { "label": "IFRC (2024): DREF mid-year report", "url": "https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/IFRC%27s%20Disaster%20Response%20Emergency%20Fund%20Mid-Year%20Report%202024.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260223035051/https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/IFRC's%20Disaster%20Response%20Emergency%20Fund%20Mid-Year%20Report%202024.pdf", "module": 1 }, { "label": "Start Network: Pakistan DRF design and 2020 learning", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/disaster-risk-financing-pakistan", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250217122607/https://startnetwork.org/disaster-risk-financing-pakistan", "module": 1 }, { "label": "Start Network: RP5 Pakistan Heatwave activation", "url": "https://startnetwork.org/funds/start-ready/activations/act-00000167", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 1 }, { "label": "SEADRIF (3 September 2025): Lao PDR payout", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043448/https://seadrif.org/news/seadrif-insurance-company-makes-payout-of-us2-million-to-support-lao-pdr-government/", "module": 1 }, { "label": "World Bank (11 February 2026): Southeast Asia financial preparedness", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260617043445/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2026/02/11/risk-resilience-strengthening-financial-preparedness-southeast-asia", "module": 1 }, { "label": "World Bank (25 April 2024): Jamaica bond terms", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/04/25/world-bank-returns-to-the-cat-bond-market-providing-financial-protection-to-jamaica", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260411152239/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/04/25/world-bank-returns-to-the-cat-bond-market-providing-financial-protection-to-jamaica", "module": 1 }, { "label": "World Bank (7 November 2025): Jamaica full payout announcement", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/11/07/hurricane-melissa-triggers-100-payout-of-150-million-world-bank-catastrophe-bond-for-jamaica", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260723175853/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/11/07/hurricane-melissa-triggers-100-payout-of-150-million-world-bank-catastrophe-bond-for-jamaica", "module": 1 }, { "label": "World Bank Treasury: disaster risk management products", "url": "https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury/ibrd-financial-products/disaster-risk-management", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260622120317/https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury/ibrd-financial-products/disaster-risk-management", "module": 1 }, { "label": "World Bank (5 April 2022): Philippines Cat DDO and local financial resilience", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/04/05/strengthening-the-philippines-post-disaster-financial-resilience-drmhubtokyo", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260515200408/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/04/05/strengthening-the-philippines-post-disaster-financial-resilience-drmhubtokyo", "module": 1 }, { "label": "India Ministry of Home Affairs: Response Fund", "url": "https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/ndmi/response-fund", "status": "FAIL", "archive": "", "module": 1 }, { "label": "ILO (2024): World Social Protection Report, chapter 2", "url": "https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/reports/flagship/world_social_protection_report_2024-26/Chapter%2002.html", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261010064629/https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/reports/flagship/world_social_protection_report_2024-26/Chapter%2002.html", "module": 1 }, { "label": "ILO (2026): Extreme heat and social protection", "url": "https://www.ilo.org/resource/article/addressing-impacts-extreme-heat-through-social-protection", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 1 }, { "label": "WHO (31 July 2026): Heat and health", "url": "https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-heat-and-health", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250430040002/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-heat-and-health", "module": 1 }, { "label": "WMO: Extreme Heat", "url": "https://wmo.int/themes/extreme-heat", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261021121526/https://wmo.int/themes/extreme-heat", "module": 1 }, { "label": "IFC (2024): Cooler Finance, results-based finance section", "url": "https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2024/cooler-finance-report.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129174108/https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2024/cooler-finance-report.pdf", "module": 1 }, { "label": "WEF (2025): Insuring Against Extreme Heat", "url": "https://ghhin.org/wp-content/uploads/WEF_Insuring_Against_Extreme_Heat_Navigating_Risks_in_a_Warming_World_2025.pdf", "status": "REDIRECT", "archive": "", "module": 1 }, { "label": "UNDRR / NDMA / CDP (2026): Financing heat resilience, landing-page summary only", "url": "https://www.undrr.org/publication/documents-and-publications/financing-heat-resilience", "status": "BLOCKED", "archive": "", "module": 1 }, { "label": "Tokio Marine X: Heatstroke coverage FAQ (Japanese)", "url": "https://www.tokiomarine-x.co.jp/faq/heatstroke-coverage.html", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 1 }, { "label": "Government of India PIB (2026): PMFBY coverage and exclusions", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2304549&lang=1®=48", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 1 }, { "label": "J-PAL: Insuring Against Extreme Heat, randomized evaluation project", "url": "https://www.povertyactionlab.org/initiative-project/insuring-against-extreme-heat-randomised-evaluation", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260714161406/https://www.povertyactionlab.org/initiative-project/insuring-against-extreme-heat-randomised-evaluation", "module": 1 }, { "label": "Swiss Re Institute sigma 1/2025, tables 2–3 and definitions", "url": "https://www.swissre.com/dam/jcr%3A46617c8b-98a4-4d54-b259-f4bdcbaab0b8/sri-sigma-natural-catastrophes-1-2025.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260826160553/https://www.swissre.com/dam/jcr:46617c8b-98a4-4d54-b259-f4bdcbaab0b8/sri-sigma-natural-catastrophes-1-2025.pdf", "module": 1 }, { "label": "HKMA: linked exchange rate system", "url": "https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/money/linked-exchange-rate-system/", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261022025117/https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-functions/money/linked-exchange-rate-system/", "module": 1 }, { "label": "ILO (2026), SEWA climate-insurance journey, pp. 8–15", "url": "https://social-justice-coalition.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/SEWAs%20journey%20towards%20climate%20resilience%20final%20-%20ILO%20Case%20Study%20.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Climate Resilience Center, Extreme Heat Protection Initiative", "url": "https://onebillionresilient.org/project/extreme-heat-protection-initiative/", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260926050639/https://onebillionresilient.org/project/extreme-heat-protection-initiative/", "module": 2 }, { "label": "AIDMI (2025), Parametric Insurance and Extreme Heat: SEWA's Experience", "url": "https://aidmi.org/blog/parametric-insurance-and-extreme-heat-sewas-experience/", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250515071138/https://aidmi.org/blog/parametric-insurance-and-extreme-heat-sewas-experience/", "module": 2 }, { "label": "SEWA Cooperative Federation / VimoSEWA (December 2025), Parametric Heat and Rainfall Insurance", "url": "https://www.sewainsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Parametric-Heat-and-Rainfall-Insurance-for-Informal-Women-Workers.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260701200321/https://www.sewainsurance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Parametric-Heat-and-Rainfall-Insurance-for-Informal-Women-Workers.pdf", "module": 2 }, { "label": "The Telegraph, syndicated by AOL (16 July 2026), VimoSEWA pause and redesign", "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/feel-m-front-fireball-45c-151008000.html", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "MHT-hosted Heat Risk Insurance impact study, posted September 2026", "url": "https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261008075129/https://www.mahilahousingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Impact-Study-CMSR-for-CRI-2024.pdf", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Microinsurance Network, MHT pilot account", "url": "https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/index-insurance-innovation-protecting-families-against-extreme-heat-in-india", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260614132505/https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/index-insurance-innovation-protecting-families-against-extreme-heat-in-india", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Munich Re Foundation, ICII 2024 report, session 10 / figure 35", "url": "https://www.munichre-foundation.org/content/dam/munichre/foundation/publications/inclusive-insurance/2024-icii/ICII2024_Report_final.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./ICII2024_Report_final.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250513193145/https://www.munichre-foundation.org/content/dam/munichre/foundation/publications/inclusive-insurance/2024-icii/ICII2024_Report_final.pdf/_jcr_content/renditions/original./ICII2024_Report_final.pdf", "module": 2 }, { "label": "The Insurer (18 June 2025), Noida heat payout", "url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/heatwave-triggers-insurance-payouts-to-indian-workers-2025-06-18/", "status": "BLOCKED", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Go Digit, general parametric policy wording", "url": "https://www.godigit.com/content/dam/godigit/directportal/en/downloads/others/policy-wordings-digit-parametric-insurance-policy.pdf", "status": "BLOCKED", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Jan Sahas Foundation, institutional website", "url": "https://jansahasfoundation.org/", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261014012643/https://jansahasfoundation.org/", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Bajaj Allianz (26 April 2025), ClimateSafe launch", "url": "https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/download-documents/news/apr-2025/Press-Release-Bajaj-Allianz-General-Insurance-Unveils-ClimateSafe.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260105182415/https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/download-documents/news/apr-2025/Press-Release-Bajaj-Allianz-General-Insurance-Unveils-ClimateSafe.pdf", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Bajaj General, ClimateSafe retail application", "url": "https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/climate-risk/", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261021045935/https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/climate-risk/", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Bajaj General, commercial parametric wording; not confirmed ClimateSafe retail wording", "url": "https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/download-documents/commercial-insurance/Parametric-Insurance/Policy-Wordings.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Government of India PIB (12 April 2023), Saral Krishi Bima dairy heat cover", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1915851&lang=2®=48", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Microinsurance Network, IBISA dairy distribution and 2023 performance", "url": "https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260614132806/https://microinsurancenetwork.org/posts/title-index-based-insurance-in-india-revolutionising-protection-for-dairy-livestock", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Green Delta Annual Report 2025, milestones and claim settlement", "url": "https://green-delta.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Annual-Report-2025.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Green Delta release hosted by The Business Standard (2 September 2025)", "url": "https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/corporates/green-delta-insurance-completes-bangladeshs-first-dairy-heat-index-insurance", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Iraq Insurance Bureau (29 January 2025), Weather Index Insurance Policy", "url": "https://insurancediwan.gov.iq/?p=68608&lang=en", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260412123324/https://insurancediwan.gov.iq/?p=68608&lang=en", "module": 2 }, { "label": "WFP Innovation Accelerator (24 June 2026), Iraq inclusive risk finance results", "url": "https://wfpinnovation.medium.com/pre-arranged-financing-for-early-response-a-smarter-way-to-protect-lives-and-livelihoods-6fd9a837d398", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260816091149/https://wfpinnovation.medium.com/pre-arranged-financing-for-early-response-a-smarter-way-to-protect-lives-and-livelihoods-6fd9a837d398", "module": 2 }, { "label": "The Insurer (3 March 2025), WRMS–WFP pilot", "url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/wrms-and-wfp-launch-parametric-insurance-pilot-in-iraq-2025-03-03/", "status": "BLOCKED", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250724130353/https://www.theinsurer.com/parametric-insurer/news/wrms-and-wfp-launch-parametric-insurance-pilot-in-iraq-2025-03-03/", "module": 2 }, { "label": "SCOR (15 September 2021), Heat Stress Protect", "url": "https://www.scor.com/en/news/launch-heat-stress-protect-insurance-protect-dairy-income-climate-change", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260305140510/https://www.scor.com/en/news/launch-heat-stress-protect-insurance-protect-dairy-income-climate-change", "module": 2 }, { "label": "NFU Mutual Climate Transition Plan (November 2024)", "url": "https://epi-prod.nfumutual.co.uk/globalassets/about-us/climate-transition-plan.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Markel International / Skyline institutional statements, 2023 UK pilot", "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/posts/markel-international_nfu-mutual-to-roll-out-markel-underwritten-activity-7067546441971294208-kYC8", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "AXA Climate (12 October 2026), parametric heat offerings", "url": "https://climate.axa/publications/parametric-insurance-closing-climate-protection-gaps/", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Descartes, extreme temperature solution", "url": "https://descartesunderwriting.com/solutions/extreme-temperatures", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261016201616/https://descartesunderwriting.com/solutions/extreme-temperatures", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Arbol Insurance Services, High Temperature", "url": "https://insurance.arbol.io/product/high-temperature", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250827223911/https://insurance.arbol.io/product/high-temperature", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Hillridge, weather-insurance FAQs", "url": "https://www.hillridge.com.au/faqs", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260520073029/https://www.hillridge.com.au/faqs", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Hillridge (15 June 2021), MSI / Victor platform", "url": "https://www.hillridge.com.au/blog-1/15/6/2021/hillridge-powers-australias-first-direct-real-time-agriculture-weather-insurance-platform", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260615105129/https://www.hillridge.com.au/blog-1/15/6/2021/hillridge-powers-australias-first-direct-real-time-agriculture-weather-insurance-platform", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Andhra Pradesh (2025), RWBCIS coconut / tobacco procurement", "url": "https://apagrisnet.gov.in/Tender/CropIns2025.pdf", "status": "FAIL", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "HomeNet International (23 June 2026), Thailand pilot", "url": "https://www.homenetinternational.org/homenet-thailand-runs-a-pilot-extreme-heat-insurance-project-for-informal-economy-workers/", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "eSewa (2 September 2025), Heat Protection Plan", "url": "https://blog.esewa.com.np/esewa-care-heat-protection-plan", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260521142222/https://blog.esewa.com.np/esewa-care-heat-protection-plan/", "module": 2 }, { "label": "SEADRIF / HERA (9 October 2026), Extreme Heat Insurance Accelerator", "url": "https://seadrif.org/news/hera-and-seadrif-partner-to-accelerate-solutions-to-extreme-heat-across-southeast-asia/", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "HERA (23 June 2026), Materna announcement; first season planned 2027", "url": "https://heranow.org/hera-launches-the-worlds-first-heat-pregnancy-insurance-to-protect-expectant-mothers-from-extreme-heat/", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "HERA, Our Work", "url": "https://heranow.org/our-work/", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260702184202/https://heranow.org/our-work/", "module": 2 }, { "label": "George Washington University-authored / HERA-commissioned evaluation (2026), 2025 HERInsura", "url": "https://heranow.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/HERInsura-Pilot-Evaluation-Study.pdf", "status": "OK", "archive": "", "module": 2 }, { "label": "US Federal Reserve G.5A (5 January 2026), annual currency averages", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922075657/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/", "module": 2 }, { "label": "IRDAI, Bima Bharosa complaint gateway", "url": "https://bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in/Home/CallCenter", "status": "OK", "archive": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260712061627/https://bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in/Home/CallCenter", "module": 2 }, { "label": "Prayas Energy Group (2026), temperature-history analysis of an unnamed product", "url": "https://energy.prayaspune.org/our-work/article-and-blog/parametric-insurance-for-extreme-heat", "status": "OK", "archive": 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